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Harvard Case - Contracting for Management and Technical Services (A): Who's Been Running the Naval Sea Systems Command?

"Contracting for Management and Technical Services (A): Who's Been Running the Naval Sea Systems Command?" Harvard business case study is written by Mary Schumacher. It deals with the challenges in the field of Business Ethics. The case study is 24 page(s) long and it was first published on : Jan 1, 1990

At Fern Fort University, we recommend a comprehensive overhaul of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) leadership and governance structure, prioritizing ethical leadership, transparency, and accountability. This includes implementing a robust code of conduct, strengthening internal controls, and fostering a culture of ethical decision-making. We also recommend establishing a dedicated ethics and compliance office, enhancing whistleblower protections, and implementing stricter conflict of interest policies.

2. Background

The case study 'Contracting for Management and Technical Services (A): Who's Been Running the Naval Sea Systems Command'' highlights a series of ethical lapses and questionable practices within NAVSEA, a major US Navy procurement agency. The case centers on the actions of a particular NAVSEA executive, Michael K. Johns, who was accused of manipulating contracts and engaging in self-dealing to benefit both himself and his family. The case study also reveals a culture of secrecy and a lack of oversight within NAVSEA, which allowed Johns's actions to go unchecked for years.

The main protagonists of the case study are Michael K. Johns, the NAVSEA executive accused of unethical behavior, and the various individuals and organizations who were impacted by his actions, including the US Navy, taxpayers, and the companies involved in the contracts.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

This case study provides a stark example of the potential consequences of ethical lapses within a major government agency. The case highlights several key issues:

  • Ethical Leadership: The case study reveals a lack of ethical leadership at the highest levels of NAVSEA. Johns's actions suggest a disregard for the principles of transparency, accountability, and fairness.
  • Corporate Governance: NAVSEA's governance structure appears to have been weak, allowing Johns to operate with a high degree of autonomy and potentially circumvent internal controls.
  • Conflicts of Interest: The case study highlights the potential for conflicts of interest when individuals hold positions of power within government agencies and have personal ties to companies that are seeking contracts.
  • Whistleblower Protection: The case study suggests that NAVSEA's whistleblower protection mechanisms were inadequate, leading to a culture of fear and silence.

4. Recommendations

To address the issues identified in the case study, we recommend the following:

1. Ethical Leadership and Culture:

  • Implement a robust code of conduct: This code should clearly define ethical standards for all employees, including specific guidelines on conflicts of interest, transparency, and accountability.
  • Promote ethical leadership training: Provide mandatory training for all employees, including senior management, on ethical decision-making, conflict of interest management, and whistleblower protection.
  • Foster a culture of ethical behavior: Create a workplace environment where ethical behavior is encouraged, rewarded, and expected. This can be achieved through open communication, leadership by example, and a strong commitment to ethical principles.

2. Enhanced Governance and Oversight:

  • Establish an independent ethics and compliance office: This office should be responsible for overseeing ethical compliance, investigating allegations of misconduct, and providing guidance on ethical issues.
  • Strengthen internal controls: Implement rigorous internal controls to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse. This includes regular audits, risk assessments, and compliance monitoring.
  • Increase transparency and accountability: Publish detailed information about contracts, procurement processes, and any potential conflicts of interest. Implement mechanisms for independent oversight and accountability.

3. Whistleblower Protection:

  • Implement strong whistleblower protection mechanisms: Ensure that employees can report concerns about unethical behavior without fear of retaliation. This includes providing confidential reporting channels, protecting whistleblowers from retaliation, and conducting thorough investigations of all allegations.

4. Conflict of Interest Management:

  • Develop and enforce strict conflict of interest policies: These policies should clearly define prohibited activities and require employees to disclose any potential conflicts.
  • Implement a robust conflict of interest screening process: This process should be used to identify and manage potential conflicts of interest before they arise.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations are based on the following principles:

  • Ethical Leadership: Ethical leadership is essential for creating a culture of integrity and trust.
  • Corporate Governance: Strong corporate governance structures are essential for preventing unethical behavior and ensuring accountability.
  • Stakeholder Theory: Organizations have a responsibility to their stakeholders, including employees, customers, taxpayers, and the public.
  • Transparency and Accountability: Transparency and accountability are essential for building trust and ensuring that organizations are held responsible for their actions.

6. Conclusion

The case study 'Contracting for Management and Technical Services (A): Who's Been Running the Naval Sea Systems Command'' highlights the importance of ethical leadership, strong governance, and a culture of accountability in government agencies. By implementing the recommendations outlined above, NAVSEA can restore public trust, ensure the integrity of its operations, and prevent future ethical lapses.

7. Discussion

Other alternatives not selected include:

  • Ignoring the issue: This would be a highly irresponsible and unethical response, likely leading to further damage to NAVSEA's reputation and public trust.
  • Limited reforms: Implementing only a few of the recommended changes would be insufficient to address the systemic issues identified in the case study.

The key risks associated with the recommendations include:

  • Resistance to change: Some individuals within NAVSEA may resist the proposed changes, particularly those who have benefited from the existing system.
  • Implementation challenges: Implementing the recommendations will require significant resources and effort, and there is a risk that the changes may not be implemented effectively.

8. Next Steps

The following timeline outlines key milestones for implementing the recommendations:

Month 1:

  • Establish a task force to develop a comprehensive plan for implementing the recommendations.
  • Conduct a thorough review of existing policies and procedures related to ethics, governance, and whistleblower protection.

Month 3:

  • Draft a new code of conduct and conflict of interest policy.
  • Develop a training program on ethical decision-making and conflict of interest management.

Month 6:

  • Implement the new code of conduct and conflict of interest policy.
  • Begin providing ethical leadership training to all employees.

Month 12:

  • Establish an independent ethics and compliance office.
  • Implement a robust whistleblower protection program.

By taking these steps, NAVSEA can begin to address the ethical lapses highlighted in the case study and build a more ethical and accountable organization.

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Case Description

In April 1988, The Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea) came under fire from the naval inspector general for its excessive reliance on contractors to carry out day-to-day functions in support of its mission: the acquisition, maintenance, modernization, and deactivation of the Navy's ships and onboard systems. In the course of a routine review, the inspector general found that many NavSea contracts had no clearly stated performance requirements and that contractors were involved in sensitive activities, such as acquisition planning and source selection, that should be reserved to government employees with responsibility for protecting the public interest. The inspector general's report recommended that NavSea reduce its use of contractor support services by 50 percent over the next three years. NavSea officials quietly set about reviewing individual contracts and preparing a response to the report, but the matter was not destined to remain quiet for long. On June 14, reporters broke the story of Operation Ill Wind, a two-year investigation into illegal dealings among Navy and other Pentagon officials, defense contractors, and independent consultants. This case details the various phases of policy that took place within the US Government as pertains to NavSea. It should be paired with HKS827 (Part B). HKS Case Number 997.0.

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