Harvard Case - Shelter and Poverty Assistance in Nouakchott
"Shelter and Poverty Assistance in Nouakchott" Harvard business case study is written by Sameh Wahba, Jose Gomez-Ibanez. It deals with the challenges in the field of Economics. The case study is 17 page(s) long and it was first published on : Aug 8, 2003
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multi-pronged approach to address the critical issue of shelter and poverty assistance in Nouakchott, focusing on a combination of government policy and regulation, private sector partnerships, and community-driven initiatives. This strategy aims to create a sustainable and impactful solution that leverages the strengths of various stakeholders while addressing the unique challenges of the Mauritanian context.
2. Background
This case study focuses on the dire situation of poverty and lack of adequate housing in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. The case highlights the challenges faced by the government in providing basic necessities to its citizens, particularly in the face of rapid urbanization and limited resources. The primary protagonist is the Ministry of Social Affairs, tasked with tackling poverty and improving living conditions for the most vulnerable populations.
The case study emphasizes the need for innovative solutions that can address the complex interplay of factors contributing to poverty, including limited access to education, employment opportunities, and basic infrastructure.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
To analyze the situation, we can utilize a framework that considers the economic, social, and political dimensions of the problem:
Economic:
- Poverty: Mauritania faces high levels of poverty, with a significant portion of the population living below the poverty line. This is exacerbated by limited economic opportunities, particularly in the informal sector, and a lack of access to basic services like healthcare and education.
- Supply and Demand: The demand for affordable housing in Nouakchott far exceeds the supply, leading to overcrowding, informal settlements, and a lack of basic sanitation. This imbalance creates a vicious cycle of poverty and limited access to opportunities.
- Infrastructure and Urban Development: The rapid urbanization of Nouakchott has strained existing infrastructure, leading to challenges in providing essential services like water, electricity, and waste management. This further exacerbates the living conditions of the poor.
Social:
- Health Care and Treatment: The lack of access to adequate healthcare facilities and services contributes to the vulnerability of the poor, particularly children and women.
- Education: Limited access to quality education hinders opportunities for upward mobility and perpetuates the cycle of poverty.
- Social Exclusion: Poverty often leads to social exclusion, marginalization, and a lack of participation in decision-making processes.
Political:
- Government Policy and Regulation: The effectiveness of government policies and regulations in addressing poverty and housing shortages is crucial. This includes the development of targeted social programs, affordable housing initiatives, and policies that promote economic growth and job creation.
- International Relations: Seeking international assistance and partnerships can be vital for securing funding, expertise, and technology to address the challenges.
4. Recommendations
1. Government Policy and Regulation:
- Develop a comprehensive National Housing Strategy: This strategy should include a mix of affordable housing options, including social housing, subsidized mortgages, and land-use planning to prevent informal settlements.
- Implement targeted social programs: These programs should focus on providing education, healthcare, and job training to the most vulnerable populations, particularly women and children.
- Strengthen the regulatory framework for the construction industry: This includes enforcing building codes, promoting sustainable construction practices, and ensuring fair labor standards.
- **Promote ** private sector participation: Create incentives for private developers to invest in affordable housing projects, including tax breaks, subsidies, and land allocation.
2. Private Sector Partnerships:
- Establish a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) framework: This framework should facilitate collaboration between the government and private sector to develop and finance affordable housing projects.
- Encourage investment in social enterprises: Support the development of social enterprises that provide affordable housing, job training, and other services to low-income communities.
- Promote microfinance and microcredit programs: These programs can help low-income families access loans for housing improvements or small business ventures.
3. Community-Driven Initiatives:
- Empower local communities: Encourage community participation in planning and implementing housing projects to ensure they meet local needs.
- Develop community-based organizations: Support the establishment of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that provide housing assistance, job training, and other social services.
- Promote sustainable building practices: Encourage the use of locally sourced materials and energy-efficient technologies to reduce costs and environmental impact.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: The recommendations align with the government's mission to improve living conditions for its citizens and reduce poverty.
- External customers and internal clients: The recommendations address the needs of both the government and the target population, ensuring a sustainable and impactful solution.
- Competitors: The recommendations consider the global best practices in addressing poverty and housing shortages, drawing inspiration from successful models in other developing countries.
- Attractiveness ' quantitative measures if applicable: The recommendations are designed to be cost-effective and sustainable, leveraging existing resources and maximizing impact.
- Assumptions: The recommendations assume a commitment from the government to implement the necessary policies and regulations, as well as a willingness from the private sector to invest in social enterprises and affordable housing projects.
6. Conclusion
By adopting a multi-pronged approach that combines government policy, private sector partnerships, and community-driven initiatives, Mauritania can effectively address the critical issue of shelter and poverty assistance in Nouakchott. This strategy will not only improve living conditions for the most vulnerable populations but also contribute to the overall economic and social development of the country.
7. Discussion
Alternative Options:
- Focusing solely on government-led initiatives: This approach might be less effective in leveraging private sector resources and expertise, potentially leading to slower progress and higher costs.
- Relying solely on international aid: This approach could lead to dependence on external funding and limit the long-term sustainability of the solution.
Risks and Key Assumptions:
- Political instability: Political instability could hinder the implementation of the recommendations and create uncertainty for investors.
- Lack of government commitment: A lack of commitment from the government to implement the necessary policies and regulations could undermine the effectiveness of the strategy.
- Limited private sector capacity: The private sector in Mauritania might lack the capacity or interest to invest in affordable housing projects.
Options Grid:
| Option | Pros | Cons | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government-led initiatives | Control over implementation, potential for large-scale impact | High cost, potential for inefficiency | Political instability, lack of government commitment |
| Private sector partnerships | Leverages private sector resources and expertise, potential for innovation | Requires strong regulatory framework, potential for exploitation | Limited private sector capacity, lack of trust in government |
| Community-driven initiatives | Empowers local communities, ensures local needs are met | Limited resources, potential for lack of coordination | Lack of capacity, limited access to funding |
8. Next Steps
- Develop a detailed National Housing Strategy: This strategy should include specific targets, timelines, and funding mechanisms.
- Establish a PPP framework: This framework should define the roles and responsibilities of both the government and the private sector.
- Promote the development of social enterprises: This includes providing financial and technical support to social enterprises that address housing and poverty issues.
- Implement targeted social programs: This includes developing programs that provide education, healthcare, and job training to the most vulnerable populations.
- Monitor and evaluate the impact of the interventions: This will ensure that the strategy is effective and responsive to changing needs.
By taking these steps, Mauritania can create a sustainable and impactful solution to the critical issue of shelter and poverty assistance in Nouakchott, ensuring a brighter future for its citizens.
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Case Description
In the summer of 2002 the Commissariat for Human Rights, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Inclusion, an agency of the government of Mauritania, had to decide whether and how to modify its Twizé program of shelter and poverty assistance. The program had been piloted in the Dar el Beida resettlement area on the outskirts of Mauritania's capital, Nouakchott, in 1999 and then extended to three other similar resettlement areas in 2000 and 2001. But the Commissariat was worried that the pilot had been expensive, and that it could not afford to apply the Twizé program more widely in its current form. HKS Case Number 1706.0
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