Harvard Case - Colombia and FARC-EP Struggle for Peace: FARC-EP Delegation: Role 1. General Instructions + Confidential Instructions For Diego Garzon, Head of FARC Delegation
"Colombia and FARC-EP Struggle for Peace: FARC-EP Delegation: Role 1. General Instructions + Confidential Instructions For Diego Garzon, Head of FARC Delegation" Harvard business case study is written by Peter Kesting, Margarita Canal, Thomas Stevenson. It deals with the challenges in the field of Strategy. The case study is 11 page(s) long and it was first published on : Aug 25, 2023
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multifaceted strategy for the FARC-EP delegation to navigate the peace process and transition into a legitimate political force. This strategy prioritizes strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, organizational transformation, and sustainable economic development to ensure a successful transition and lasting peace in Colombia.
2. Background
The case study focuses on the Colombian government's negotiations with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) to end a decades-long armed conflict. The FARC-EP, a leftist guerrilla group, is transitioning from an armed insurgency to a political party. Diego Garz'n, the head of the FARC-EP delegation, faces the challenge of leading this transformation while navigating complex political dynamics and ensuring the group's long-term viability.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
Strategic Framework: We utilize a combination of frameworks to analyze the FARC-EP's situation:
- Porter's Five Forces: The Colombian political landscape is characterized by intense competition between various political parties and factions. The FARC-EP faces pressure from established political forces, including the government, traditional parties, and other armed groups.
- SWOT Analysis: The FARC-EP possesses strengths in its grassroots support, experience in rural areas, and knowledge of the Colombian conflict. However, it faces weaknesses in its lack of political experience, public perception, and potential internal divisions. Opportunities lie in the potential for political participation, social reform, and economic development. However, threats include political opposition, potential violence, and the risk of failing to deliver on promises.
- Value Chain Analysis: The FARC-EP's traditional value chain revolved around armed struggle and resource control. The transition requires a shift to a value chain based on political participation, social engagement, and economic development.
Key Challenges:
- Organizational Transformation: The FARC-EP needs to transition from a hierarchical, military structure to a democratic, political organization. This involves developing new leadership skills, establishing transparent decision-making processes, and fostering a culture of dialogue and compromise.
- Stakeholder Engagement: Building trust and legitimacy requires engaging with diverse stakeholders, including the government, civil society, victims of the conflict, and the international community. This requires effective communication, negotiation, and conflict resolution skills.
- Economic Development: The FARC-EP needs to develop sustainable economic models that benefit communities and address the root causes of the conflict. This involves promoting rural development, creating job opportunities, and fostering entrepreneurship.
- Public Perception: The FARC-EP must overcome negative public perception and build a positive image as a legitimate political force. This requires effective communication strategies, community outreach programs, and a commitment to transparency and accountability.
4. Recommendations
1. Strategic Planning and Vision:
- Develop a comprehensive strategic plan: This plan should outline the FARC-EP's long-term vision, core values, and key objectives for political participation, social engagement, and economic development.
- Establish a clear value proposition: Define the FARC-EP's unique contribution to Colombian society and articulate its commitment to peace, social justice, and economic prosperity.
- Prioritize key areas of focus: Identify specific sectors where the FARC-EP can leverage its expertise and resources to create positive impact, such as rural development, infrastructure, or education.
2. Organizational Transformation:
- Implement democratic governance structures: Establish a transparent and accountable decision-making process, including representation from diverse factions within the FARC-EP.
- Develop leadership skills: Invest in leadership development programs to equip members with the skills necessary for political participation, negotiation, and conflict resolution.
- Foster a culture of dialogue and compromise: Promote open communication, encourage diverse perspectives, and build consensus through participatory decision-making.
3. Stakeholder Engagement:
- Establish a strong communication strategy: Develop a clear and consistent message that resonates with various stakeholders, including victims, civil society, and the international community.
- Engage in active dialogue and negotiation: Facilitate constructive dialogue with all stakeholders, including the government, political parties, and civil society organizations.
- Build trust and legitimacy: Demonstrate a commitment to transparency, accountability, and respect for human rights to gain the trust of the Colombian people.
4. Economic Development:
- Develop sustainable economic models: Promote rural development initiatives, create job opportunities in agriculture, tourism, and other sectors, and foster entrepreneurship.
- Leverage international partnerships: Seek funding and technical assistance from international organizations and development agencies to support economic development projects.
- Invest in education and training: Empower communities with the skills and knowledge necessary for economic participation and social mobility.
5. Public Perception Management:
- Implement a comprehensive public relations strategy: Engage in community outreach programs, media campaigns, and social media engagement to build a positive image and counter negative perceptions.
- Promote transparency and accountability: Publish financial statements, disclose decision-making processes, and demonstrate a commitment to ethical conduct.
- Engage in public dialogue and debate: Participate in public forums and debates to present the FARC-EP's vision and engage with the Colombian people.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: The FARC-EP's strengths in grassroots mobilization, rural knowledge, and conflict resolution can be leveraged to achieve a successful transition and contribute to peacebuilding.
- External customers and internal clients: The FARC-EP must address the needs of diverse stakeholders, including victims of the conflict, communities in rural areas, and the Colombian people as a whole.
- Competitors: The FARC-EP faces competition from established political parties and other armed groups. It needs to differentiate itself by offering a unique value proposition and building a strong reputation for peace and social justice.
- Attractiveness ' quantitative measures if applicable: The success of the FARC-EP's transition will be measured by its ability to secure a lasting peace, promote economic development, and improve the lives of the Colombian people.
6. Conclusion
The FARC-EP's transition from an armed group to a political party presents a unique opportunity for peace and development in Colombia. By embracing strategic planning, organizational transformation, stakeholder engagement, and economic development, the FARC-EP can overcome its challenges and contribute to a more just and prosperous future for all Colombians.
7. Discussion
Alternatives not selected:
- Maintaining the armed struggle: This option is not viable as it would perpetuate violence and conflict, further destabilizing Colombia.
- Dissolving the FARC-EP: While this option might seem like a quick solution, it would leave a vacuum that could be filled by other armed groups or criminal organizations.
Risks and key assumptions:
- Internal divisions: The FARC-EP faces the risk of internal divisions and factionalism, which could undermine its transition efforts.
- Political opposition: The FARC-EP may face strong political opposition from traditional parties and other armed groups, which could hinder its political participation.
- Violence and instability: The transition process could be disrupted by violence or instability, particularly in areas where the FARC-EP previously held influence.
Options Grid:
| Option | Advantages | Disadvantages | Risks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strategic Planning | Clear vision, focused efforts, long-term sustainability | Requires extensive planning and coordination | Internal divisions, political opposition |
| Organizational Transformation | Democratic governance, accountability, increased legitimacy | Requires significant cultural change | Resistance to change, lack of leadership skills |
| Stakeholder Engagement | Building trust, legitimacy, broad support | Requires effective communication and negotiation | Miscommunication, lack of trust |
| Economic Development | Job creation, poverty reduction, sustainable growth | Requires significant investment and expertise | Economic instability, corruption |
8. Next Steps
- Develop a comprehensive strategic plan: Within the next six months, the FARC-EP should finalize a strategic plan outlining its vision, values, and key objectives.
- Establish a political party: Within the next year, the FARC-EP should formally register as a political party and participate in elections.
- Implement organizational reforms: Within the next two years, the FARC-EP should implement democratic governance structures, develop leadership skills, and foster a culture of dialogue and compromise.
- Engage with stakeholders: The FARC-EP should initiate ongoing dialogue and negotiation with all stakeholders, including the government, civil society, and victims of the conflict.
- Launch economic development programs: Within the next three years, the FARC-EP should implement sustainable economic development projects in rural areas, focusing on agriculture, tourism, and other sectors.
- Build a positive public image: The FARC-EP should launch a comprehensive public relations campaign to build trust and legitimacy among the Colombian people.
This timeline provides a roadmap for the FARC-EP to successfully navigate its transition and contribute to a lasting peace in Colombia.
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Case Description
This case is a roleplay simulation of the negotiations between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC-EP, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (henceforth FARC), leading up to and after the peace agreement of 2016. The peace agreement put an end to an armed conflict that lasted for more than 50 years and cost more than 200,000 lives. The negotiations cover six Negotiation Topics: i. laying down arms & safety guarantees; ii. social integration of FARC; iii. justice & trial of war crimes; iv. political participation of FARC; v. rural reform; and vi. drug production. Students assume the roles of six participants in the negotiation, forming two delegations. One represents the Colombian Government and the other represents FARC.
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