Harvard Case - Aruna Roy and the Birth of a People's Movement in India
"Aruna Roy and the Birth of a People's Movement in India" Harvard business case study is written by Patricia Garcia-Rios, Pratibha Krishnamurthy, Kenneth Winston. It deals with the challenges in the field of Social Enterprise. The case study is 21 page(s) long and it was first published on : Jul 28, 2010
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multi-pronged approach to support Aruna Roy and the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) in their efforts to empower marginalized communities in India. This approach leverages the principles of social entrepreneurship and impact investing to create sustainable and scalable solutions for poverty alleviation and social justice.
2. Background
This case study explores the remarkable journey of Aruna Roy, a social activist who founded MKSS in 1990. MKSS is a non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to empowering marginalized communities in India, particularly focusing on rural development, transparency, and accountability in government services. The case study highlights MKSS's innovative approach to using community mobilization and information technology to empower citizens and hold the government accountable.
The main protagonists of the case study are Aruna Roy, the founder and leader of MKSS, and the various communities that MKSS serves. The case study also explores the challenges faced by MKSS, including funding constraints, bureaucratic hurdles, and the inherent power dynamics within the Indian political system.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
This case study can be analyzed using the framework of social entrepreneurship and impact investing. MKSS exemplifies a successful social enterprise that utilizes a hybrid organizational model to achieve its mission. MKSS demonstrates a strong commitment to the triple bottom line - social, environmental, and economic impact.
Key Strengths of MKSS:
- Strong Mission and Values: MKSS is driven by a clear mission to empower marginalized communities and promote social justice. This strong foundation fosters a sense of purpose and motivates stakeholders.
- Innovative Approach: MKSS has successfully leveraged technology and community mobilization to create a unique model for citizen engagement and government accountability.
- Community Ownership: MKSS emphasizes grassroots participation and empowers communities to take ownership of their development.
- Impact Measurement: MKSS actively tracks its impact through data collection and evaluation, demonstrating its commitment to accountability and effectiveness.
Challenges Faced by MKSS:
- Funding Constraints: NGOs like MKSS often face challenges securing sustainable funding.
- Bureaucratic Hurdles: Navigating complex government regulations and processes can be a significant barrier.
- Power Dynamics: Challenging established power structures and advocating for marginalized communities can lead to resistance and opposition.
4. Recommendations
To support MKSS and its mission, we recommend the following:
- Develop a Sustainable Funding Model: Explore new avenues for funding, including impact investing, social impact bonds, and venture philanthropy. Partner with B Corporations and other socially responsible businesses to create shared value creation opportunities.
- Scale Up Operations: Implement a growth strategy to expand MKSS's reach and impact. This could involve establishing regional chapters, leveraging technology for remote outreach, and partnering with other NGOs.
- Strengthen Organizational Capacity: Invest in staff training, leadership development, and organizational structure to ensure long-term sustainability and effectiveness.
- Advocate for Policy Change: Engage with government officials and policymakers to advocate for policies that support MKSS's mission. This could involve lobbying for increased transparency and accountability in government services, and promoting policies that empower marginalized communities.
- Foster Partnerships: Build strategic alliances with other NGOs, businesses, and international organizations to leverage resources and expertise.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: The recommendations align with MKSS's core competencies in community mobilization, technology, and advocacy. They also support its mission of empowering marginalized communities and promoting social justice.
- External Customers and Internal Clients: The recommendations consider the needs of both the communities MKSS serves and its internal stakeholders, including staff, volunteers, and donors.
- Competitors: The recommendations take into account the competitive landscape of the social sector and aim to position MKSS as a leader in the field of citizen engagement and government accountability.
- Attractiveness ' Quantitative Measures: The recommendations are designed to improve MKSS's financial sustainability and impact. The proposed funding models and partnerships have the potential to increase revenue and expand reach.
6. Conclusion
Aruna Roy and MKSS have made a significant contribution to empowering marginalized communities in India. By adopting a social entrepreneurship approach, MKSS has demonstrated the power of innovation, community mobilization, and advocacy to create lasting social change. By implementing the recommendations outlined above, MKSS can further strengthen its impact and contribute to a more just and equitable society.
7. Discussion
Alternative Options:
- Focus on a specific area of intervention: MKSS could consider specializing in a particular area, such as education, healthcare, or economic development. This could allow for deeper engagement and more targeted interventions.
- Develop a social franchise model: MKSS could explore franchising its model to other communities, allowing for faster expansion and replication of success.
Risks and Key Assumptions:
- Political Instability: Political changes and instability in India could impact MKSS's operations and funding.
- Funding Volatility: The proposed funding models rely on the continued support of donors and investors. A decline in funding could jeopardize MKSS's sustainability.
- Scalability: Expanding MKSS's operations may require significant investment and careful planning to ensure effectiveness and maintain quality.
8. Next Steps
- Develop a comprehensive strategic plan: This plan should outline MKSS's vision, mission, goals, and strategies for achieving its objectives.
- Conduct a feasibility study: Assess the viability of proposed funding models and partnerships.
- Pilot test new initiatives: Implement pilot projects to test new approaches and refine strategies.
- Build capacity: Invest in staff training, leadership development, and organizational structure.
- Engage with stakeholders: Communicate with donors, partners, and communities to build support for MKSS's mission.
By taking these steps, MKSS can continue to be a powerful force for positive change in India.
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Case Description
In 2005, the Parliament of India enacted the Right to Information Act, a law giving citizens of India access to central, state, and local government records. Under the law's provisions, citizens have the ability to request information regarding official acts from any public authority. Officials who refuse or delay requests are held responsible through fines or disciplinary action. Many individuals and organizations were involved in the lengthy and difficult process of getting this legislation enacted. This case focuses on one of these individuals, Aruna Roy, regarded by many observers as having played a key role in empowering citizens to exercise the democratic right to make their government transparent and accountable. It traces her background and the challenges she faced in developing her commitment to improving the lives of the poor and socially marginalized. HKS Case Number 1929.0
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