Harvard Case - Aung San Suu Kyi: ''Icon of Hope'' in Burma (A)
"Aung San Suu Kyi: ''Icon of Hope'' in Burma (A)" Harvard business case study is written by Esther Scott, Hannah Riley Bowles, Patricia Garcia-Rios. It deals with the challenges in the field of International Business. The case study is 35 page(s) long and it was first published on : Apr 1, 2003
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multi-pronged approach for Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy (NLD) to leverage her international stature and the country's newfound political freedom to drive economic growth and development. This strategy involves a combination of strategic partnerships, foreign direct investment (FDI) attraction, targeted sector development, and responsible governance.
2. Background
This case study focuses on Aung San Suu Kyi's return to Burma (Myanmar) in 2010 after years of house arrest and the NLD's subsequent victory in the 2015 elections. The country, emerging from decades of military rule, faces significant challenges, including poverty, lack of infrastructure, and a fragile political landscape. Suu Kyi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, is tasked with leading the nation towards economic prosperity and democratic stability.
The main protagonists are:
- Aung San Suu Kyi: The iconic leader of the NLD, entrusted with navigating Burma's transition and leading its economic development.
- The National League for Democracy (NLD): The newly elected government, facing the daunting task of reforming the country's institutions and attracting investment.
- The Burmese people: Eager for change and economic opportunities after years of hardship.
- The International community: Holding a mixture of hope and skepticism, eager to support Burma's transition but wary of its political and economic risks.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
The case study highlights a complex situation where the NLD faces several challenges:
- Political instability: The military retains significant power, and ethnic tensions remain a threat to stability.
- Economic vulnerability: Burma has a weak infrastructure, limited access to capital, and a lack of skilled labor.
- International relations: While eager for investment and aid, Burma's history of human rights violations and military rule raises concerns among potential partners.
Applying the Porter Five Forces framework helps analyze the competitive landscape:
- Threat of new entrants: High due to the country's untapped potential and the government's desire to attract investment.
- Bargaining power of buyers: Moderate, as consumers have limited choices but are increasingly demanding quality and affordability.
- Bargaining power of suppliers: Moderate, as Burma lacks a developed supply chain, but foreign companies can leverage their expertise.
- Threat of substitutes: Moderate, as some goods and services can be sourced from neighboring countries or imported.
- Rivalry among existing competitors: Low, as the market is largely undeveloped, but competition is expected to increase with economic growth.
Strategic analysis reveals that Burma's competitive advantage lies in its abundant natural resources, its strategic location, and its growing population. However, the country needs to overcome its weaknesses in infrastructure, education, and governance to fully capitalize on these strengths.
4. Recommendations
1. Strategic Partnerships:
- Focus on attracting FDI: Leverage Suu Kyi's international reputation to attract investment in key sectors like manufacturing, tourism, and energy.
- Prioritize partnerships with countries: Engage with countries like Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, known for their expertise in infrastructure development and manufacturing.
- Develop strategic alliances: Encourage partnerships between Burmese and foreign companies, fostering knowledge transfer and technology adoption.
2. Targeted Sector Development:
- Prioritize infrastructure development: Invest in transportation, energy, and communication networks to unlock economic potential.
- Develop human capital: Focus on education and vocational training to equip the workforce with the skills needed for a modern economy.
- Promote tourism: Leverage Burma's cultural heritage and natural beauty to attract tourists and generate revenue.
3. Responsible Governance:
- Strengthen democratic institutions: Implement reforms to ensure transparency, accountability, and the rule of law.
- Address human rights concerns: Implement policies to protect human rights and promote ethnic reconciliation.
- Promote environmental sustainability: Implement policies to protect natural resources and mitigate the negative impacts of development.
4. Global Market Entry Strategies:
- Utilize a phased approach: Start with low-risk entry strategies like exporting and licensing, gradually moving towards more complex strategies like joint ventures and wholly-owned subsidiaries.
- Develop a strong brand identity: Leverage Burma's unique cultural heritage to create a distinctive brand image that resonates with international consumers.
- Employ a combination of marketing channels: Utilize traditional and digital marketing to reach target audiences in key markets.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: The NLD's mission is to create a democratic and prosperous Burma. These recommendations align with this mission by focusing on attracting investment, developing infrastructure, and promoting responsible governance.
- External customers and internal clients: The recommendations address the needs of both international investors and the Burmese people by promoting economic opportunities and improving living standards.
- Competitors: The recommendations aim to create a competitive advantage for Burma by developing its infrastructure, workforce, and brand image.
- Attractiveness: The recommendations are expected to generate significant economic benefits for Burma, including increased GDP, employment, and foreign exchange reserves.
Assumptions:
- The NLD will be able to maintain political stability and implement its reforms.
- International investors will be willing to invest in Burma despite the risks.
- The Burmese people will embrace economic development and support the NLD's policies.
6. Conclusion
Aung San Suu Kyi and the NLD have a unique opportunity to transform Burma into a prosperous and democratic nation. By focusing on strategic partnerships, targeted sector development, and responsible governance, they can leverage the country's potential and attract investment while ensuring sustainable growth and social justice.
7. Discussion
Alternatives not selected:
- Rapid liberalization: This approach could lead to instability and exacerbate existing inequalities.
- Isolationist approach: This would limit Burma's access to capital and technology, hindering economic development.
Risks and key assumptions:
- Political instability: The military's continued influence could undermine reforms and deter investment.
- Corruption: Corruption could undermine the effectiveness of government programs and discourage investment.
- Lack of skilled labor: A shortage of skilled workers could hinder economic growth and make it difficult to attract foreign companies.
8. Next Steps
Timeline with key milestones:
- Year 1: Focus on attracting FDI, developing infrastructure, and promoting tourism.
- Year 2: Implement reforms to strengthen democratic institutions and address human rights concerns.
- Year 3: Expand economic activity, diversify the economy, and promote sustainable development.
By implementing these recommendations and addressing the risks, Burma can achieve its potential and become a model of successful transition from authoritarian rule to democratic prosperity.
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Case Description
Aung San Suu Kyi, who would win the Nobel Peace Prize and galvanize world attention on the brutal military rulers of Burma, was, until 1988, an expatriate for much of her life, with largely historical and intellectual connections to the country of her birth. She was the daughter of Aung San, Burma's "father of independence", assassinated in 1947, and herself the author of a history of the southeast Asian country. This case tells the dramatic story of her transformation from her role as a writer and mother, living in Oxford, England, to that of a political leader who electrified throngs in Rangoon (Burma's capital) and sacrificed much of what she held dear as she became a symbol of resistance to the Burmese military and was forced to live under house arrest. This case is intended to provide a vehicle for discussion of the elements which allow a leader to emerge and to gain deep, emotional support from the public. Aung San Suu Kyi's personal, historical status--being her father's daughter--combined with a series of events that thrust her into the public eye (starting with her return to Burma simply to be at the bedside of her dying mother) and set the stage for her dramatic role. At the same time, the case raises the question of what factors, specifically--from personal characteristics to tactical decisions--made her effective. It raises, too, the ethical question of whether, or how, she should have reached some entente with the military rulers of Burma, as she sought to convert symbolic impact to real political change. See also Part B (1686.0). This case includes a 5-minute video companion that shows Suu Kyi's rise as a charismatic leader following her return to Myanmar (1988-1996) as well as her new chapter as political leader after release from house arrest (2010-2012).
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