Harvard Case - Farm Laws 2020: Battle of Wits or More?
"Farm Laws 2020: Battle of Wits or More?" Harvard business case study is written by Saumya Sindhwani, Poonamjot Kaur Sidhu. It deals with the challenges in the field of Strategy. The case study is 17 page(s) long and it was first published on : Jan 15, 2023
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multi-pronged approach to address the complex challenges presented by the Farm Laws 2020. This approach involves a deep understanding of the stakeholders involved, a thorough analysis of the economic and social implications of the laws, and a commitment to finding solutions that prioritize agricultural sustainability, farmer welfare, and national food security.
2. Background
The Farm Laws 2020, passed by the Indian government in September 2020, aimed to liberalize the agricultural sector by allowing farmers to sell their produce outside of government-regulated mandis, promoting private investment in agricultural infrastructure, and facilitating contract farming. However, the laws sparked widespread protests from farmers, who feared the dismantling of the existing system and potential exploitation by large corporations.
The main protagonists of the case study are:
- Farmers: The primary stakeholders, concerned about their livelihoods and the potential impact of the laws on their income and access to markets.
- Government: The policymaker, aiming to modernize the agricultural sector and boost economic growth.
- Corporations: Potential beneficiaries of the laws, seeking access to a larger market and opportunities for investment.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
The case study can be analyzed through the lens of several frameworks:
1. Porter's Five Forces:
- Threat of new entrants: The laws could encourage new players to enter the agricultural sector, increasing competition.
- Bargaining power of buyers: Farmers, with limited bargaining power, could face exploitation by large corporations.
- Bargaining power of suppliers: The laws could empower farmers by giving them more market options.
- Threat of substitutes: The laws could lead to increased competition from imported agricultural products.
- Rivalry among existing competitors: Increased competition within the agricultural sector could lead to price wars and reduced profitability.
2. SWOT Analysis:
Strengths:
- Potential for increased efficiency and productivity: The laws could promote innovation and technological advancements in agriculture.
- Access to larger markets: Farmers could benefit from selling their produce to a wider range of buyers.
Weaknesses:
- Lack of infrastructure: The lack of adequate cold storage and transportation infrastructure could hinder the efficient movement of produce.
- Limited bargaining power of farmers: Farmers may struggle to negotiate fair prices with large corporations.
Opportunities:
- Investment in agricultural technology: The laws could attract investment in precision agriculture, data analytics, and other technologies.
- Development of new markets: The laws could open up new markets for agricultural products, both domestically and internationally.
Threats:
- Exploitation by large corporations: Farmers could be exploited by large corporations due to their limited bargaining power.
- Disruption of traditional markets: The laws could disrupt the existing mandi system, leading to uncertainty and instability.
3. Stakeholder Analysis:
- Farmers: Their primary concerns are income security, access to markets, and fair prices.
- Government: Their goal is to modernize agriculture, boost economic growth, and improve food security.
- Corporations: Their interests lie in accessing a larger market, investing in agricultural infrastructure, and maximizing profits.
4. Value Chain Analysis:
The laws could have a significant impact on the value chain in agriculture, affecting activities such as:
- Production: Increased use of technology and improved access to inputs.
- Processing: Potential for greater investment in processing facilities.
- Distribution: Improved logistics and access to wider markets.
- Marketing: Increased competition and potential for new marketing strategies.
5. Business Model Innovation:
The laws could encourage business model innovation in the agricultural sector, such as:
- Direct-to-consumer sales: Farmers could sell their produce directly to consumers through online platforms.
- Contract farming: Farmers could enter into contracts with corporations for the production of specific crops.
- Vertical integration: Corporations could integrate into different parts of the agricultural value chain, from production to processing and distribution.
4. Recommendations
- Strengthening Farmer Cooperatives: Encourage the formation and strengthening of farmer cooperatives to provide farmers with greater bargaining power and access to resources.
- Investing in Agricultural Infrastructure: Prioritize investment in cold storage, transportation, and other infrastructure to facilitate the efficient movement of produce.
- Promoting Technology Adoption: Support the adoption of precision agriculture, data analytics, and other technologies to improve efficiency and productivity.
- Establishing Fair Trade Practices: Implement regulations to prevent exploitation of farmers by large corporations and ensure fair prices for their produce.
- Developing a Comprehensive Social Safety Net: Provide a social safety net for farmers, including crop insurance, income support, and access to healthcare.
- Engaging in Open Dialogue: Facilitate open dialogue and consultation with all stakeholders to address concerns and build consensus.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: The recommendations align with the government's objective of promoting agricultural growth while ensuring farmer welfare and food security.
- External Customers and Internal Clients: The recommendations consider the needs of farmers, consumers, and the government as key stakeholders.
- Competitors: The recommendations aim to create a level playing field for all players in the agricultural sector, ensuring fair competition and preventing exploitation.
- Attractiveness: The recommendations are expected to lead to increased efficiency, productivity, and profitability in the agricultural sector, benefiting all stakeholders.
6. Conclusion
The Farm Laws 2020 present a complex challenge that requires a nuanced and multi-faceted approach. By focusing on strengthening farmer cooperatives, investing in infrastructure, promoting technology adoption, establishing fair trade practices, and engaging in open dialogue, the government can create a more equitable and sustainable agricultural sector that benefits all stakeholders.
7. Discussion
Alternatives:
- Complete repeal of the laws: This would address farmer concerns but could hinder the modernization of the agricultural sector.
- Delaying implementation: This would allow for further consultation and dialogue but could create uncertainty and delay progress.
Risks and Key Assumptions:
- Assumption: The government is committed to ensuring farmer welfare and food security.
- Risk: The laws could lead to increased exploitation of farmers by large corporations.
- Assumption: Farmers will be able to adopt new technologies and adapt to changing market conditions.
- Risk: The lack of adequate infrastructure could hinder the implementation of the laws.
8. Next Steps
- Immediate: Establish a task force to engage with farmers and other stakeholders to address concerns and build consensus.
- Short-term: Implement pilot projects to test the effectiveness of the laws and address any challenges.
- Long-term: Develop a comprehensive strategy for modernizing the agricultural sector, focusing on sustainable practices, technology adoption, and farmer empowerment.
By taking these steps, the government can navigate the challenges presented by the Farm Laws 2020 and create a more equitable and prosperous agricultural sector for all.
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Case Description
This case can be utilized to highlight the importance of the various aspects and stages of the change management process. The case follows the farmer's protest against the three farm laws introduced by the Government of India in 2020. It retraces the events that led the government to repeal the three farm laws on November 19, 2021. The case does not have a protagonist; however, role plays can be used in the class to draw attention to the points of conflict in the case. The case highlights the missteps of the Government of India at various levels in the change management process related to the three farm laws. The government's oversight in assessing the risk of resistance to the farm laws is also emphasized in the case. The case also identifies how the farm unions were able to initiate and sustain the protest for almost a year (which too, is an example of change management). The case at no point attempts to comment on or analyze the merits of the three farm laws framed by the Government of India. The case indicates that a change was imperative, but a judgment on the appropriateness of the three farm laws is beyond the scope of this case.
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