Harvard Case - The U.S. - China Trade War
"The U.S. - China Trade War" Harvard business case study is written by Alberto F. Cavallo, Mariana Cal, Anne Laski. It deals with the challenges in the field of Economics. The case study is 32 page(s) long and it was first published on : Feb 11, 2019
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multifaceted approach for American businesses navigating the U.S.-China trade war. This involves adapting operations, diversifying supply chains, and leveraging government resources while actively engaging in dialogue with the Chinese government to advocate for fair trade practices.
2. Background
The case study 'The U.S.-China Trade War' focuses on the escalating trade tensions between the two economic superpowers. The conflict began with the Trump administration imposing tariffs on Chinese goods, citing unfair trade practices and intellectual property theft. China retaliated with tariffs on American products, triggering a cycle of escalating trade barriers. The case examines the impact of this trade war on various American businesses, particularly those heavily reliant on Chinese manufacturing and supply chains.
The main protagonists are American companies operating in diverse sectors, including manufacturing, agriculture, and technology. They face challenges such as increased costs, disrupted supply chains, and uncertainty about future trade relations. The case also highlights the role of the U.S. and Chinese governments in shaping the trade war through policy decisions and negotiations.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
This case study can be analyzed through the lens of international business, strategic planning, and government policy and regulation.
International Business: The trade war highlights the interconnectedness of global economies and the risks associated with relying heavily on a single trading partner. Companies must consider globalization and its impact on their operations, including the potential for disruptions and the need for diversification.
Strategic Planning: American businesses need to reassess their corporate strategy and operations strategy in light of the trade war. This involves evaluating supply and demand dynamics, identifying alternative sourcing options, and potentially adjusting pricing strategy to mitigate the impact of tariffs.
Government Policy and Regulation: The trade war is a direct consequence of government policy and regulation. Companies must understand the evolving trade landscape and navigate the complexities of international relations and negotiation strategies. They should also engage with government officials to advocate for their interests and seek support for navigating the trade war.
4. Recommendations
Diversify Supply Chains: Companies should actively seek alternative sourcing options to reduce their dependence on China. This may involve exploring emerging markets or investing in domestic manufacturing.
Optimize Operations: Businesses should implement lean manufacturing processes to improve efficiency and reduce costs. This may involve adopting technology and analytics to streamline operations and optimize resource allocation.
Engage with Government: Companies should actively engage with the U.S. government to advocate for their interests and seek support in navigating the trade war. This includes lobbying for favorable trade policies, accessing government resources, and participating in trade negotiations.
Develop Long-Term Strategies: Companies should develop long-term strategies that account for the potential for continued trade tensions. This includes exploring strategic partnerships and joint ventures to secure supply chains and access new markets.
Invest in Innovation: Companies should invest in research and development to enhance their competitive advantage and create new products and services that are less reliant on Chinese manufacturing.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: Diversifying supply chains, optimizing operations, and investing in innovation align with the core competencies and mission of most businesses, enabling them to remain competitive and resilient in the face of trade challenges.
External Customers and Internal Clients: By mitigating the impact of the trade war, companies can maintain their ability to serve customers and provide value to internal stakeholders.
Competitors: Businesses need to adapt to the changing landscape and maintain their competitive edge. By diversifying, optimizing, and innovating, they can stay ahead of competitors who may be more vulnerable to trade disruptions.
Attractiveness: While the trade war poses significant challenges, the recommendations offer opportunities for long-term growth and profitability. Diversifying supply chains can reduce costs and risks, while investing in innovation can open new markets and enhance competitiveness.
6. Conclusion
The U.S.-China trade war presents significant challenges for American businesses. However, by adopting a proactive and strategic approach, companies can mitigate the impact of the trade war and position themselves for long-term success. This involves diversifying supply chains, optimizing operations, engaging with the government, developing long-term strategies, and investing in innovation.
7. Discussion
Alternatives not selected:
- Relocating entirely: While relocating operations out of China might seem appealing, it can be a costly and complex process with significant risks.
- Ignoring the trade war: Ignoring the trade war and hoping for a quick resolution is not a viable option. The trade war is likely to have a long-term impact on global trade dynamics.
Risks and Key Assumptions:
- Escalation of the trade war: The trade war could escalate further, leading to more tariffs and disruptions.
- Geopolitical instability: The trade war could contribute to geopolitical instability, creating uncertainty for businesses.
- Government support: The level of government support for businesses navigating the trade war may vary.
- Success of diversification: Diversifying supply chains may not always be successful, and new suppliers may not meet quality or cost standards.
8. Next Steps
- Develop a detailed plan for diversifying supply chains: Identify potential alternative suppliers, assess their capabilities, and negotiate contracts.
- Implement operational optimization initiatives: Analyze current processes, identify areas for improvement, and invest in technology and training.
- Engage with government officials: Participate in trade policy discussions, seek information and resources, and advocate for favorable policies.
- Monitor the trade war: Stay informed about developments in the trade war and adjust strategies accordingly.
By taking these steps, American businesses can navigate the U.S.-China trade war and emerge stronger and more resilient in the global marketplace.
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Case Description
On December 1, 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump and China's Leader Xi Jinping faced each other across a dinner table during a G20 meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After what Trump called an "amazing and productive meeting," the two leaders announced a truce in the ongoing trade war between their countries, following months of accusations, tariffs, and mounting retaliation. The U.S. agreed to postpone for 90 days an increase from 10% to 25% in tariffs applied to a large number of Chinese goods, which had been initially scheduled for January 1, 2019. In exchange, the White House announced that China would purchase a "very substantial" amount of agricultural and other products from the United States, adding that it expected the two nations "to immediately begin negotiations on structural changes with respect to forced technology transfer, intellectual property protection, non-tariff barriers, cyber intrusions and cyber theft, services, and agriculture." The Chinese government simply stated that it was "willing to expand imports according to the needs of the domestic market" and that it hoped to "reach a concrete agreement on mutual benefit and win-win as soon as possible." Despite Trump's assurances that China was sending "very strong signals" after the meeting, the outcome of the negotiations was highly uncertain. Would China provide enough concessions to satisfy the demands of the U.S.? Would the U.S. back down? Or would the trade war escalate, causing unprecedented disruptions-and opportunities-in global trade patterns?
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