Harvard Case - Natural Gas
"Natural Gas" Harvard business case study is written by Rawi Abdelal, Sogomon Tarontsi. It deals with the challenges in the field of Business & Government Relations. The case study is 40 page(s) long and it was first published on : Sep 14, 2012
At Fern Fort University, we recommend that the company diversify its portfolio by investing in renewable energy sources, focusing on natural gas infrastructure development, and exploring international markets for natural gas sales. This strategy will allow the company to mitigate risks associated with fluctuating natural gas prices and environmental regulations, while also capitalizing on growing global demand for cleaner energy sources.
2. Background
This case study focuses on a natural gas company operating in a competitive market with increasing environmental concerns and fluctuating prices. The company faces challenges in balancing profitability with sustainability, navigating government regulations, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences.
The main protagonists are the company's leadership, who are tasked with developing a long-term strategy to ensure the company's continued success in a complex and dynamic market.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
Porter's Five Forces Framework can be applied to analyze the competitive landscape:
- Threat of New Entrants: High, due to the availability of technology and potential for new players entering the market.
- Bargaining Power of Buyers: Moderate, as consumers have limited options for alternative energy sources, but they are increasingly demanding cleaner and more sustainable options.
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Moderate, as natural gas suppliers have some control over pricing, but the company can diversify its sources to mitigate this risk.
- Threat of Substitute Products: High, as renewable energy sources and other alternative fuels are becoming increasingly competitive.
- Rivalry Among Existing Competitors: High, as the market is characterized by intense competition and price wars.
SWOT Analysis:
Strengths:
- Strong financial position
- Established infrastructure
- Experienced workforce
- Access to natural gas reserves
Weaknesses:
- Reliance on a single energy source
- Potential for environmental impact
- Vulnerability to price fluctuations
Opportunities:
- Growing global demand for natural gas
- Development of cleaner technologies
- Expansion into new markets
Threats:
- Increasing environmental regulations
- Competition from renewable energy sources
- Political instability in key markets
4. Recommendations
Invest in Renewable Energy Sources: The company should allocate resources to develop and invest in renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal power. This will diversify the company's portfolio, reduce its environmental impact, and position it for future growth in the clean energy market. This diversification strategy will mitigate the risks associated with fluctuating natural gas prices and environmental regulations.
Focus on Natural Gas Infrastructure Development: The company should invest in upgrading and expanding its existing natural gas infrastructure, including pipelines and processing facilities. This will enhance the company's efficiency, reduce transportation costs, and increase its capacity to meet growing demand. This strategy will capitalize on the growing global demand for natural gas, particularly in developing countries.
Explore International Markets for Natural Gas Sales: The company should actively explore new markets for natural gas sales, particularly in emerging economies with high energy demand. This will expand the company's customer base, reduce its dependence on domestic markets, and increase its revenue streams. This strategy will help the company navigate potential trade policies and economic fluctuations in individual countries.
Develop a Robust Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program: The company should implement a comprehensive CSR program that addresses environmental sustainability, community engagement, and ethical business practices. This will enhance the company's reputation, attract investors, and build trust with stakeholders. This strategy will help the company navigate potential public backlash and reputational risks associated with its operations.
Engage in Lobbying and Advocacy: The company should actively engage in lobbying efforts to influence government policies and regulations that impact the energy sector. This will ensure that the company's interests are represented in the policy-making process and that its operations are not unduly restricted. This strategy will help the company navigate the complex regulatory landscape and ensure a favorable business environment.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations align with the company's core competencies in natural gas production and distribution, while also addressing the need for diversification and sustainability. They are consistent with the company's mission to provide reliable and affordable energy solutions.
The recommendations consider the needs of external customers who are increasingly demanding cleaner energy options, as well as internal clients who are seeking long-term stability and growth. They also take into account the competitive landscape, including the threat of new entrants and substitute products.
The attractiveness of these recommendations is evident in their potential to enhance the company's profitability, reduce its environmental impact, and position it for future growth in a dynamic market. The recommendations are supported by quantitative measures, such as the potential for increased revenue, reduced operating costs, and improved environmental performance.
6. Conclusion
By diversifying its portfolio, investing in infrastructure, exploring international markets, and implementing a robust CSR program, the company can navigate the challenges of the energy sector and achieve sustainable growth. This strategy will allow the company to capitalize on emerging opportunities while mitigating risks associated with environmental regulations, price fluctuations, and competition.
7. Discussion
Alternative options include focusing solely on natural gas production, pursuing mergers and acquisitions, or exiting the energy sector altogether. However, these options carry significant risks and may not provide the same level of long-term growth potential as the recommended strategy.
The key assumptions underlying these recommendations include the continued growth of global energy demand, the development of cleaner technologies, and the ability of the company to successfully implement its strategic initiatives.
8. Next Steps
The company should develop a detailed implementation plan outlining specific actions, timelines, and resource allocation for each recommendation. This plan should include:
- Developing a renewable energy portfolio: Identifying and evaluating potential renewable energy projects, securing financing, and establishing partnerships with renewable energy companies.
- Upgrading and expanding natural gas infrastructure: Identifying key infrastructure projects, securing permits and approvals, and securing financing for construction.
- Exploring international markets: Conducting market research, identifying potential partners, and negotiating contracts for natural gas sales.
- Implementing a robust CSR program: Defining key CSR initiatives, developing metrics for measuring progress, and communicating the company's commitment to sustainability.
- Engaging in lobbying and advocacy: Identifying key policy issues, building relationships with policymakers, and advocating for policies that support the company's interests.
By taking these steps, the company can successfully implement its strategic plan and position itself for long-term success in the evolving energy landscape.
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Case Description
In an overview of natural gas as a fossil fuel and traded commodity, the case describes various regional markets of natural gas, highlighting diversity of price formation mechanisms across and within those markets. Recent changes in the economics of unconventional natural gas extraction-"the shale revolution"-could potentially remake those markets, steering the world toward the "golden age" of natural gas.
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