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Harvard Case - Accion's Fintech Strategy

"Accion's Fintech Strategy" Harvard business case study is written by V. Kasturi Rangan, Michael Chu, Tricia Gregg. It deals with the challenges in the field of Strategy. The case study is 25 page(s) long and it was first published on : Mar 13, 2019

At Fern Fort University, we recommend Accion pursue a multi-pronged growth strategy focused on digital transformation and strategic partnerships to achieve its mission of expanding financial inclusion globally. This strategy involves leveraging technology to create innovative financial products and services, expanding into new markets through strategic alliances, and fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration.

2. Background

Accion is a global non-profit organization dedicated to promoting financial inclusion by providing microfinance services to low-income individuals and communities. The case study focuses on Accion's efforts to adapt to the rapidly evolving fintech landscape and develop a sustainable growth strategy. Accion faces challenges like increasing competition from traditional banks and fintech startups, the need to reach underserved populations, and the need to remain financially sustainable.

The main protagonists in the case study are:

  • Michael Schlein: Accion's CEO, who is tasked with leading the organization's transformation and navigating the competitive fintech landscape.
  • Accion's Management Team: Responsible for developing and executing Accion's strategic plan, including its fintech strategy.
  • Accion's Partners: Including microfinance institutions (MFIs), technology providers, and investors, who play a crucial role in Accion's success.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

Industry Analysis:

  • Porter's Five Forces: The microfinance industry is characterized by high competition, low barriers to entry, and increasing bargaining power of customers. The threat of substitutes is also high due to the emergence of fintech solutions.
  • Industry Lifecycle: The microfinance industry is in a mature stage, with increasing consolidation and innovation.
  • Strategic Groups: Accion competes with traditional MFIs, fintech startups, and even traditional banks offering microfinance products.

SWOT Analysis:

Strengths:

  • Strong brand reputation: Accion is a recognized leader in the microfinance industry with a strong track record of success.
  • Global reach: Accion operates in over 60 countries, giving it a wide geographic footprint.
  • Expertise in microfinance: Accion has extensive experience in providing financial services to low-income populations.

Weaknesses:

  • Financial sustainability: Accion faces challenges in achieving financial sustainability due to its non-profit status and the need to serve low-income populations.
  • Technological limitations: Accion's reliance on traditional microfinance methods can limit its ability to scale and reach new markets.
  • Limited access to capital: Accion's non-profit status can make it difficult to raise capital for expansion and innovation.

Opportunities:

  • Growing demand for financial services: The global demand for financial services is increasing, particularly in emerging markets.
  • Technological advancements: The rise of fintech offers new opportunities for Accion to develop innovative products and services.
  • Strategic partnerships: Accion can leverage partnerships with technology providers, investors, and other organizations to expand its reach and capabilities.

Threats:

  • Competition from fintech startups: Fintech startups are rapidly entering the microfinance market, offering innovative and low-cost solutions.
  • Regulatory uncertainty: The regulatory landscape for fintech is evolving rapidly, creating uncertainty for Accion.
  • Economic instability: Global economic instability can negatively impact Accion's operations and the financial well-being of its clients.

Value Chain Analysis:

Accion's value chain includes:

  • Research and Development: Developing innovative financial products and services.
  • Technology Development: Building and implementing digital platforms for delivering financial services.
  • Partnership Development: Establishing strategic alliances with MFIs, technology providers, and investors.
  • Marketing and Outreach: Reaching and educating potential clients about Accion's services.
  • Loan Origination and Servicing: Providing financial services to clients and managing loan portfolios.
  • Client Support: Providing ongoing support and guidance to clients.

Core Competencies:

  • Expertise in microfinance: Accion's deep understanding of the microfinance industry and its clients' needs.
  • Global network: Accion's extensive network of partners and clients in emerging markets.
  • Social impact focus: Accion's commitment to promoting financial inclusion and improving the lives of low-income populations.

Business Model Innovation:

Accion can explore several business model innovations:

  • Digital lending platforms: Developing online platforms for loan origination, servicing, and client management.
  • Mobile financial services: Offering financial services through mobile phones, reaching underserved populations.
  • Data-driven lending: Leveraging data analytics to assess creditworthiness and personalize financial products.
  • Pay-for-performance models: Partnering with MFIs and technology providers on a performance-based basis.

Strategic Planning:

  • Strategic Intent: Accion's strategic intent should be to become a global leader in financial inclusion by leveraging technology and strategic partnerships.
  • Strategic Objectives: Specific objectives should focus on:
    • Expanding reach and serving more clients.
    • Developing innovative financial products and services.
    • Strengthening financial sustainability.
    • Fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration.
  • Strategic Initiatives: Accion should implement initiatives to achieve its objectives, including:
    • Developing a comprehensive digital transformation strategy.
    • Investing in technology and data analytics capabilities.
    • Building strategic partnerships with fintech companies and other organizations.
    • Expanding into new markets through acquisitions and joint ventures.
    • Enhancing its brand and marketing efforts.

Globalization Strategies:

  • Market Development: Expanding into new emerging markets with high growth potential.
  • Product Development: Adapting products and services to meet the specific needs of different markets.
  • Strategic Alliances: Partnering with local MFIs and technology providers to build local expertise and reach.

4. Recommendations

1. Digital Transformation Strategy:

  • Develop a comprehensive digital transformation strategy: This strategy should encompass all aspects of Accion's operations, including product development, client onboarding, loan servicing, and risk management.
  • Invest in technology and data analytics: Accion should invest in building a robust technology infrastructure and data analytics capabilities to support its digital transformation.
  • Develop innovative fintech products and services: Accion should leverage technology to develop innovative financial products and services, such as mobile payments, micro-insurance, and digital savings accounts.
  • Partner with fintech companies: Accion should explore strategic partnerships with fintech companies to access cutting-edge technology and expertise.

2. Strategic Partnerships:

  • Build strategic alliances with MFIs and technology providers: These partnerships will provide Accion with access to local expertise, distribution channels, and technology solutions.
  • Explore joint ventures and acquisitions: Accion should consider joint ventures and acquisitions to expand its reach and capabilities in new markets.
  • Leverage partnerships to enhance its value chain: Accion should leverage its partnerships to improve its efficiency, effectiveness, and reach.

3. Organizational Culture:

  • Foster a culture of innovation and collaboration: Accion should encourage experimentation, risk-taking, and cross-functional collaboration to drive innovation.
  • Develop a strong leadership team: Accion should invest in leadership development programs to ensure it has the talent and skills necessary to execute its digital transformation strategy.
  • Embrace a data-driven culture: Accion should promote a data-driven culture to inform decision-making and drive continuous improvement.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations are based on the following considerations:

  1. Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: The recommendations align with Accion's core competencies in microfinance and its mission of promoting financial inclusion. The digital transformation strategy leverages Accion's expertise and expands its reach, while strategic partnerships enable Accion to leverage external expertise and resources.
  2. External Customers and Internal Clients: The recommendations focus on meeting the needs of Accion's external customers, low-income individuals and communities, by providing them with access to affordable and convenient financial services. They also address the needs of Accion's internal clients, its staff and partners, by creating a more innovative and collaborative work environment.
  3. Competitors: The recommendations help Accion stay ahead of the competition by embracing technological advancements and developing innovative products and services. Strategic partnerships allow Accion to leverage the strengths of other organizations and compete effectively in the evolving fintech landscape.
  4. Attractiveness: The recommendations are expected to lead to increased financial sustainability, expanded reach, and greater impact for Accion. By leveraging technology and strategic partnerships, Accion can achieve its mission of promoting financial inclusion more effectively and efficiently.

6. Conclusion

Accion has a significant opportunity to leverage technology and strategic partnerships to achieve its mission of expanding financial inclusion globally. By embracing digital transformation, building strategic alliances, and fostering a culture of innovation, Accion can position itself as a leader in the rapidly evolving fintech landscape and create a lasting impact on the lives of millions of people around the world.

7. Discussion

Alternatives:

  • Focusing solely on traditional microfinance methods: This approach would limit Accion's ability to scale and reach new markets in the face of increasing competition from fintech startups.
  • Merging with another MFI: While a merger could provide access to resources and expertise, it could also dilute Accion's brand and mission.
  • Outsourcing all technology development: This approach could lead to a loss of control over Accion's technology platform and its ability to innovate.

Risks:

  • Technological risks: The rapid pace of technological change could make Accion's investments in technology obsolete.
  • Partnership risks: Strategic partnerships could fail to deliver the expected results, leading to financial losses or reputational damage.
  • Regulatory risks: Changes in regulations could hinder Accion's ability to operate in certain markets.

Key Assumptions:

  • Accion has the financial resources to invest in its digital transformation strategy.
  • Accion can successfully attract and retain talented employees with the skills necessary to execute its strategy.
  • Accion can build strong and mutually beneficial partnerships with fintech companies and other organizations.

8. Next Steps

Timeline:

  • Year 1: Develop a comprehensive digital transformation strategy, invest in technology and data analytics capabilities, and build strategic partnerships.
  • Year 2: Launch new fintech products and services, expand into new markets, and enhance marketing and outreach efforts.
  • Year 3: Evaluate the effectiveness of the digital transformation strategy, refine operations, and expand partnerships.

Key Milestones:

  • Develop a digital strategy roadmap: This roadmap should outline the key steps, milestones, and resources required to execute Accion's digital transformation strategy.
  • Launch a pilot program for a new fintech product: This pilot program will allow Accion to test the viability of its new product and gather feedback from clients.
  • Establish a strategic partnership with a leading fintech company: This partnership will provide Accion with access to cutting-edge technology and expertise.
  • Expand operations into a new emerging market: This expansion will allow Accion to reach new clients and expand its impact.

By implementing these recommendations and taking the necessary steps to mitigate risks, Accion can achieve its mission of promoting financial inclusion and create a lasting impact on the lives of millions of people around the world.

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Case Description

Accion, an NGO, had been a pioneer in microfinance since its entry into that sector in the early 1970s. Its investments in Banco Compartamos paid off, when the microfinance bank went IPO in 2007, leaving an influx of $138 million for Accion. Under a new CEO, Michael Schlein, who came from Citibank, the organization was constantly wrestling with what its next strategic direction should be. In 2010, Schlein decided to move the organization in the direction of fintech, betting that the new digital technologies would enable a rapid inclusion of the 1.7 billion people who had been traditionally excluded from financial products and services. The case lays out the components of the new strategy and asks students to assess its effectiveness.

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