Harvard Case - An Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Disruptive Innovation in Cataract Screening: The Case of E-Paarvai
"An Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Disruptive Innovation in Cataract Screening: The Case of E-Paarvai" Harvard business case study is written by Vijaya Sunder M, Rithica Mamidi. It deals with the challenges in the field of Information Technology. The case study is 18 page(s) long and it was first published on : Mar 28, 2023
At Fern Fort University, we recommend that E-Paarvai capitalize on its disruptive innovation by aggressively pursuing a multi-pronged growth strategy. This strategy should focus on expanding its reach through strategic partnerships, leveraging technology for scalability, and building a strong brand identity. E-Paarvai should also prioritize robust data management, ethical considerations, and a commitment to continuous innovation to ensure sustainable growth and long-term success.
2. Background
E-Paarvai is a disruptive innovation in the field of cataract screening, utilizing AI and machine learning to provide affordable and accessible screening solutions. The company's technology, developed by a team of engineers and ophthalmologists, utilizes smartphone cameras and AI algorithms to detect cataracts with high accuracy. This innovation addresses the critical need for early detection in low-resource settings, where access to ophthalmologists is limited. The case study highlights E-Paarvai's initial success in India, demonstrating its potential to revolutionize eye care globally.
The main protagonists of the case study are:
- Dr. Mahendra and his team: The founders of E-Paarvai, driven by a passion for improving eye health and leveraging their expertise to develop a groundbreaking solution.
- The Indian government: A potential partner for E-Paarvai, recognizing the need for accessible eye care and potentially supporting the company's expansion efforts.
- Potential investors: Recognizing the social impact and market potential, investors play a crucial role in funding E-Paarvai's growth.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
To analyze E-Paarvai's situation, we can utilize the Porter's Five Forces framework to understand the competitive landscape and identify opportunities for growth:
- Threat of new entrants: The barrier to entry is relatively high due to the technical expertise required in AI and ophthalmology. However, the potential for competition exists, particularly from established players in the eye care industry.
- Bargaining power of buyers: E-Paarvai's target market consists of individuals and organizations seeking affordable and accessible eye care. The bargaining power of buyers is moderate, as they have alternative options but may be willing to pay for E-Paarvai's unique value proposition.
- Bargaining power of suppliers: E-Paarvai's suppliers include technology providers and software developers. The bargaining power of these suppliers is moderate, as E-Paarvai can leverage its innovative technology and potential for scale to negotiate favorable terms.
- Threat of substitute products: While alternative eye care solutions exist, E-Paarvai's AI-powered approach offers a distinct advantage in terms of affordability, accessibility, and speed.
- Competitive rivalry: E-Paarvai faces competition from traditional eye care providers and emerging technology-driven solutions. However, its unique combination of AI, affordability, and accessibility provides a competitive edge.
Additionally, we can apply the SWOT analysis to identify E-Paarvai's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats:
Strengths:
- Disruptive innovation: E-Paarvai's AI-powered technology offers a unique and valuable solution to a critical health issue.
- Social impact: The company addresses a significant need in low-resource settings, creating positive social impact.
- Strong team: E-Paarvai's founders and team possess expertise in AI, ophthalmology, and entrepreneurship.
- Early success: The company has demonstrated its effectiveness in India, providing a foundation for future growth.
Weaknesses:
- Limited reach: E-Paarvai's current reach is limited to India, requiring expansion to achieve greater impact.
- Funding: Securing sufficient funding for research, development, and expansion is essential.
- Data security and privacy: Managing sensitive patient data requires robust security measures and adherence to ethical guidelines.
Opportunities:
- Global market expansion: E-Paarvai has the potential to reach millions of people worldwide.
- Strategic partnerships: Collaborating with NGOs, governments, and healthcare providers can accelerate adoption.
- Technology advancements: Continued research and development can enhance accuracy and expand the technology's applications.
Threats:
- Competition: Established players in the eye care industry may develop competing solutions.
- Regulatory hurdles: Navigating regulations in different countries can be challenging.
- Data breaches: Security vulnerabilities could damage the company's reputation and hinder trust.
4. Recommendations
E-Paarvai should pursue a multi-pronged growth strategy to capitalize on its disruptive innovation and achieve its full potential:
1. Expansion and Partnerships:
- Target specific regions: Focus on countries with high prevalence of cataracts and limited access to eye care.
- Strategic partnerships: Collaborate with NGOs, governments, and healthcare providers to facilitate adoption and reach underserved populations.
- Local adaptation: Tailor the technology and marketing strategies to meet the specific needs and cultural contexts of different regions.
2. Technology and Scalability:
- Cloud-based platform: Develop a cloud-based platform to enhance accessibility, scalability, and data management capabilities.
- Mobile app development: Create a user-friendly mobile app for seamless user experience and data collection.
- Integration with existing systems: Explore integration with existing healthcare systems to streamline data sharing and improve efficiency.
3. Brand Building and Marketing:
- Develop a strong brand identity: Communicate E-Paarvai's value proposition, social impact, and commitment to innovation.
- Targeted marketing campaigns: Reach potential users through digital channels, community outreach, and partnerships with healthcare providers.
- Public relations and media engagement: Generate positive media coverage to raise awareness and build trust.
4. Data Management and Ethics:
- Robust data security measures: Implement best practices for data encryption, access control, and privacy protection.
- Ethical data use: Ensure transparency, consent, and responsible use of patient data.
- Data analytics for improvement: Utilize data analytics to continuously improve the technology's accuracy, accessibility, and user experience.
5. Continuous Innovation:
- Research and development: Invest in ongoing research to enhance the technology's capabilities and expand its applications.
- Explore new technologies: Stay abreast of advancements in AI, machine learning, and mobile technology to maintain a competitive edge.
- Develop new features and functionalities: Continuously improve the technology and user experience based on user feedback and data analysis.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: E-Paarvai's core competency lies in its AI-powered technology and its commitment to improving eye health. The recommendations align with this mission by focusing on expanding reach, leveraging technology, and building a strong brand identity.
- External customers and internal clients: The recommendations prioritize the needs of both external customers (individuals seeking eye care) and internal clients (healthcare providers and partners).
- Competitors: The recommendations address the competitive landscape by focusing on differentiation through technology, partnerships, and brand building.
- Attractiveness: The recommendations are attractive due to their potential for significant social impact, market growth, and financial returns.
Assumptions:
- The technology will continue to improve and maintain its accuracy.
- E-Paarvai will successfully secure funding for its growth initiatives.
- Partnerships with governments, NGOs, and healthcare providers will be fruitful.
- The company will navigate regulatory hurdles effectively.
6. Conclusion
E-Paarvai has the potential to revolutionize eye care globally by leveraging its AI-powered technology to provide affordable and accessible screening solutions. By pursuing a multi-pronged growth strategy, focusing on expansion, technology, brand building, data management, and continuous innovation, E-Paarvai can achieve its full potential and create a lasting impact on eye health worldwide.
7. Discussion
Alternatives not selected:
- Focusing solely on the Indian market: While the Indian market offers significant opportunities, E-Paarvai's potential impact can be maximized by expanding globally.
- Licensing the technology to other companies: While licensing could generate revenue, it may limit E-Paarvai's control over its technology and brand.
- Developing a hardware-based solution: While hardware-based solutions may have advantages, they can be more expensive and complex to develop and distribute.
Risks and key assumptions:
- Technology failure: The technology's accuracy and reliability are crucial for success.
- Data security breaches: Protecting sensitive patient data is paramount.
- Regulatory challenges: Navigating regulations in different countries can be complex.
- Competition: Established players in the eye care industry may develop competing solutions.
Options Grid:
| Option | Advantages | Disadvantages | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global Expansion | Increased market reach, greater impact | Higher costs, regulatory challenges | Competition, technology failure |
| Strategic Partnerships | Access to resources, increased reach | Dependence on partners, potential conflicts | Partner instability, lack of control |
| Cloud-based platform | Scalability, accessibility | Security risks, dependence on third-party providers | Data breaches, platform failures |
| Mobile app development | User-friendly interface, data collection | Development costs, user adoption | App store competition, user privacy concerns |
8. Next Steps
E-Paarvai should implement the following steps to achieve its growth objectives:
- Develop a comprehensive business plan: Outline the company's vision, mission, strategy, financial projections, and key milestones.
- Secure funding: Seek investment from venture capitalists, angel investors, or philanthropic organizations.
- Build a strong team: Recruit experienced professionals in AI, ophthalmology, business development, and marketing.
- Establish partnerships: Negotiate agreements with NGOs, governments, and healthcare providers.
- Develop a cloud-based platform and mobile app: Invest in technology development and ensure robust data security measures.
- Launch pilot programs in target regions: Test the technology and marketing strategies in new markets.
- Monitor progress and adapt strategies: Continuously evaluate performance, gather feedback, and make adjustments as needed.
By taking these steps, E-Paarvai can position itself for sustainable growth and create a lasting impact on eye health worldwide.
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Case Description
This case examines the vital social problem of the rising incidence of cataracts in India, especially in the elderly population. It describes the design and deployment of e-Paarvai, an AI-based digital health solution in more than 30 districts of rural Tamil Nadu, India, which helped screen about 25,000 cataract patients within ten months of its launch. It describes how design thinking and digital intervention could lead to effective health service delivery for social good. Specifically, this case focuses on: (1) elements of a service ecosystem, (2) the characterization of various personas and customer journey maps using design thinking (3) the application of emerging digital technologies like AI to solve challenging, complex social problems.
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