Harvard Case - RESTORING THE BRITISH MUSEUM
"RESTORING THE BRITISH MUSEUM" Harvard business case study is written by Anand Narasimhan, Jean-Louis Barsoux. It deals with the challenges in the field of General Management. The case study is 30 page(s) long and it was first published on : Jan 9, 2012
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a comprehensive revitalization strategy for the British Museum, focusing on enhancing its public image, fostering innovation, and strengthening its financial position. This strategy involves a multi-pronged approach, encompassing a renewed focus on corporate social responsibility, digital transformation, strategic partnerships, and diversity and inclusion. We believe this approach will enable the British Museum to regain its position as a global leader in cultural heritage and engagement.
2. Background
The British Museum, a renowned institution with a vast collection spanning human history, faces challenges in the 21st century. Declining visitor numbers, a perception of being out of touch with contemporary issues, and a need for greater financial stability are key concerns. The case study highlights the museum's internal conflicts, particularly between the Director, Neil MacGregor, and the Trustees, regarding the museum's direction and the need for change.
The main protagonists are Neil MacGregor, the Director, who advocates for a more traditional approach to museum management, and the Trustees, who are pushing for greater innovation and engagement with the public. This conflict reflects the broader tension between preserving the museum's legacy and adapting to the changing world.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
The British Museum's situation can be analyzed using the SWOT framework:
Strengths:
- Global brand recognition: The British Museum is a world-renowned institution with a vast collection of artifacts.
- Strong research and education programs: The museum has a long history of academic excellence and public education.
- Significant endowment: The museum benefits from a substantial endowment, providing financial stability.
- Unique collection: The museum houses one of the most comprehensive collections of artifacts from around the world.
Weaknesses:
- Declining visitor numbers: Attendance has been declining in recent years, indicating a need for greater public engagement.
- Perception of elitism: The museum is perceived by some as being inaccessible and out of touch with contemporary issues.
- Limited digital presence: The museum's digital offerings are not as robust as those of other leading cultural institutions.
- Internal conflicts: The museum faces internal conflicts regarding its direction and the need for change.
Opportunities:
- Growing interest in global history and culture: There is a growing global interest in cultural heritage and the stories behind artifacts.
- Digital technology: Digital technology offers opportunities for greater engagement, accessibility, and global reach.
- Strategic partnerships: Collaborations with other institutions and organizations can enhance the museum's reach and impact.
- Diversity and inclusion: The museum can leverage its global collection to promote diversity and inclusivity in its programming and outreach.
Threats:
- Economic downturn: Economic downturns can impact museum funding and visitor attendance.
- Competition from other cultural institutions: The museum faces competition from other museums and cultural organizations, both locally and globally.
- Changing demographics: The museum needs to adapt to changing demographics and preferences.
- Negative publicity: The museum is vulnerable to negative publicity, which can damage its reputation.
Porter's Five Forces analysis reveals a competitive environment with:
- High threat of substitutes: Other cultural institutions, online resources, and entertainment options compete for the public's attention.
- Moderate bargaining power of buyers: Visitors have options for cultural experiences, but the museum's unique collection provides a strong draw.
- Moderate bargaining power of suppliers: The museum relies on a range of suppliers, including artists, researchers, and technology providers.
- High threat of new entrants: New cultural institutions and digital platforms can emerge quickly, challenging the museum's market position.
- Moderate rivalry among existing competitors: Museums and cultural institutions compete for funding, visitors, and public attention.
4. Recommendations
To address the challenges and capitalize on opportunities, the British Museum should implement the following recommendations:
1. Embrace Digital Transformation:
- Develop a comprehensive digital strategy: This should include a robust website, engaging social media presence, virtual tours, online educational resources, and interactive exhibits.
- Invest in technology and analytics: This will enable data-driven decision-making, personalized experiences, and improved visitor engagement.
- Leverage AI and machine learning: This can enhance visitor experience, optimize operations, and personalize content.
- Partner with technology companies: Collaboration with tech giants can provide access to cutting-edge technology and expertise.
2. Reimagine Public Engagement:
- Focus on storytelling and narrative: Create engaging narratives around the museum's collection, connecting artifacts to contemporary issues and diverse perspectives.
- Develop interactive exhibits: Use technology to create immersive and interactive experiences that engage visitors of all ages.
- Offer diverse programming: Include events, workshops, lectures, and performances that cater to a broad range of interests and demographics.
- Partner with community organizations: Collaborate with local groups to reach new audiences and foster a sense of community ownership.
3. Prioritize Diversity and Inclusion:
- Expand representation in the collection: Actively acquire artifacts that represent diverse cultures and perspectives, ensuring a more inclusive narrative.
- Promote diversity within staff: Implement hiring and recruitment strategies that prioritize diversity and inclusion at all levels of the organization.
- Develop culturally sensitive programming: Offer exhibits, events, and educational programs that reflect the diversity of the museum's collection and the wider community.
- Engage with diverse communities: Partner with organizations representing diverse communities to build relationships and foster a sense of belonging.
4. Strengthen Corporate Social Responsibility:
- Develop a clear CSR strategy: This should outline the museum's commitment to sustainability, ethical sourcing, and community engagement.
- Implement sustainable practices: Reduce the museum's environmental footprint by adopting energy-efficient technologies, reducing waste, and promoting sustainable tourism.
- Support ethical sourcing: Ensure that all artifacts are acquired ethically and responsibly.
- Engage in community outreach: Partner with local charities and organizations to address social issues and contribute to the well-being of the community.
5. Foster Innovation and Collaboration:
- Create a culture of innovation: Encourage experimentation, risk-taking, and collaboration among staff.
- Establish an innovation lab: This space can be used to develop new exhibits, technologies, and programs.
- Partner with other institutions: Collaborate with universities, research institutions, and other cultural organizations to share expertise and resources.
- Engage with the creative community: Work with artists, designers, and technologists to develop innovative exhibits and experiences.
6. Enhance Financial Sustainability:
- Diversify revenue streams: Explore new revenue sources beyond ticket sales, such as corporate sponsorships, memberships, and online merchandise.
- Optimize operations: Implement lean management principles to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
- Invest in marketing and outreach: Develop targeted marketing campaigns to attract new audiences and increase visitor numbers.
- Seek strategic partnerships: Collaborate with corporations and foundations to secure funding and support.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on a thorough analysis of the British Museum's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. They align with the museum's core competencies in research, education, and collection management while embracing the need for innovation, digital transformation, and greater public engagement. The recommendations consider the museum's external customers, including visitors, educators, researchers, and the broader community, as well as its internal clients, including staff, trustees, and donors.
The recommendations are also grounded in the competitive landscape, taking into account the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants, and the rivalry among existing competitors. The recommendations are designed to enhance the museum's competitive advantage by improving its public image, fostering innovation, and strengthening its financial position.
6. Conclusion
By embracing digital transformation, reimagining public engagement, prioritizing diversity and inclusion, strengthening corporate social responsibility, and fostering innovation, the British Museum can regain its position as a global leader in cultural heritage and engagement. This revitalization strategy will enable the museum to attract new audiences, connect with diverse communities, and ensure its long-term sustainability.
7. Discussion
Alternative strategies include focusing solely on cost-cutting measures, maintaining the status quo, or pursuing a more aggressive expansion strategy. However, these options are less likely to address the museum's core challenges. Cost-cutting measures could lead to a decline in quality and staff morale, while maintaining the status quo would likely result in continued decline. An aggressive expansion strategy could be too risky and financially unsustainable.
The recommendations presented in this case study solution are based on the assumption that the British Museum is willing to embrace change and invest in its future. The success of the recommendations also depends on the ability of the museum's leadership to effectively manage change, build consensus among stakeholders, and implement the recommendations in a timely and efficient manner.
8. Next Steps
To implement these recommendations, the British Museum should:
- Form a task force: This task force should be composed of representatives from different departments within the museum, as well as external experts in digital technology, marketing, and social responsibility.
- Develop a detailed implementation plan: This plan should outline specific actions, timelines, and resources required for each recommendation.
- Secure funding: The museum should identify funding sources to support the implementation of the recommendations.
- Monitor progress and make adjustments: The museum should regularly monitor the progress of the implementation and make adjustments as needed.
By taking these steps, the British Museum can embark on a path of transformation that will ensure its relevance and success in the 21st century.
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Case Description
It was also in debt and out of fashion. It had acquired a reputation as "one of the least user-friendly museums in the world." One senior figure from the museum was even quoted as saying that he didn't want children in there. Compared to rival venues, visiting the BM was like a "trip back in time" - but not in a favorable sense. In the space of nine years, MacGregor reversed its fortunes and restored its sense of pride and purpose. He raised its profile through engaging exhibitions, television shows and the Internet - but most surprisingly of all through the use of radio. He presided over a startling transformation in the image and fortunes of the BM, with net income quadrupling in nine years and donations and legacies growing eight-fold under his watch. Visitor numbers reached record highs and the BM has become a template for other museums. A cultural institution that was once in danger of becoming an embarrassing monument to British imperialism is now viewed with pride. As one commentator put it: "As an exercise in rebranding, it is surely up there with the best." The case considers the methods used by MacGregor to achieve these results and some of the key turning points, as well as the lessons for other organizations, including in the private sector. It also explores the possible complications of following a charismatic leader. Learning objectives: The case covers six key issues to do with leadership and organizational change: 1) The difficulties of changing an entrenched public sector culture, shaped by curatorial divisions and the weight of the BM's heritage. 2) The challenge of managing multiple stakeholders. 3) The various roles adopted by a leader - and changing the scope of the job. 4) The importance of finding a purpose that resonates with employees and visitors alike. 5) The process of institutional transformation and the challenge of building on MacGregor's legacy. 6) The benefits and drawbacks of charismatic leadership.
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