Harvard Case - NASSCOM: Self-Regulation for Sustaining the Commons in the Indian IT Industry
"NASSCOM: Self-Regulation for Sustaining the Commons in the Indian IT Industry" Harvard business case study is written by Tulsi Jayakumar, Sanjay Kallapur. It deals with the challenges in the field of Business & Government Relations. The case study is 23 page(s) long and it was first published on : May 23, 2024
At Fern Fort University, we recommend that NASSCOM adopt a multi-pronged approach to self-regulation, encompassing corporate social responsibility (CSR), industry-led initiatives, and collaboration with the government. This strategy aims to address the challenges of sustainable growth in the Indian IT industry while upholding ethical practices and fostering a positive image for the sector on the global stage.
2. Background
The case study focuses on the National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM), the apex body representing the Indian IT industry. The industry has experienced phenomenal growth, becoming a significant contributor to India's economic growth, foreign investment, and employment. However, this growth has also brought challenges such as environmental sustainability, ethical concerns, and talent scarcity.
The main protagonist is NASSCOM, facing the dilemma of balancing industry growth with social responsibility. The case highlights the need for self-regulation to address these concerns and ensure the long-term sustainability of the Indian IT industry.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
This case study can be analyzed using the Porter's Five Forces framework, which helps understand the competitive landscape and the forces influencing the industry.
- Threat of New Entrants: The Indian IT industry faces a moderate threat from new entrants due to the high barriers to entry, including capital investment, skilled workforce, and established client relationships. However, emerging markets and technology advancements could potentially lower these barriers.
- Bargaining Power of Buyers: The bargaining power of buyers (clients) is moderate, as the industry is characterized by a large number of players and the availability of alternative providers. However, large clients can exert pressure on pricing and service delivery.
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers (skilled workforce) is high due to the talent scarcity in the industry. This can lead to increased costs and talent poaching.
- Threat of Substitute Products: The threat of substitutes is moderate, as alternative solutions exist, such as outsourcing to other countries or in-house development. However, the Indian IT industry's competitive advantage lies in cost-effectiveness, expertise, and experience.
- Competitive Rivalry: The competitive rivalry within the Indian IT industry is intense, driven by factors such as price competition, innovation, and market share.
Furthermore, the case study highlights the importance of business and government relations in shaping the industry's future. The government plays a crucial role in policy and regulation, infrastructure development, and tax incentives, impacting the industry's growth trajectory.
4. Recommendations
NASSCOM should implement the following recommendations:
- Develop a comprehensive CSR framework: This framework should encompass environmental sustainability, ethical practices, employee well-being, and community engagement. It should be aligned with international standards and best practices.
- Establish industry-led initiatives: NASSCOM should encourage and support industry-led initiatives addressing key challenges such as talent development, skill gaps, and promoting diversity and inclusion.
- Collaborate with the government: NASSCOM should actively engage with the government to advocate for policies that promote sustainable growth, innovation, and ethical practices within the industry. This includes lobbying for tax incentives, infrastructure development, and favorable regulatory frameworks.
- Promote transparency and accountability: NASSCOM should promote transparency and accountability within the industry by establishing clear guidelines and mechanisms for reporting on CSR performance and ethical practices.
- Foster a culture of innovation: NASSCOM should encourage innovation within the industry by supporting incubators, promoting research and development, and facilitating collaboration between universities and industry players.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: The recommendations align with NASSCOM's mission of promoting the growth and development of the Indian IT industry while ensuring its sustainability and ethical practices.
- External customers and internal clients: The recommendations address the concerns of external customers (clients) regarding ethical practices, sustainability, and talent quality, as well as the needs of internal clients (industry members) for a supportive ecosystem and regulatory framework.
- Competitors: The recommendations aim to enhance the competitive advantage of the Indian IT industry by promoting innovation, talent development, and ethical practices, which are increasingly valued by global clients.
- Attractiveness: The recommendations are expected to contribute to the long-term attractiveness of the Indian IT industry by fostering a positive image, attracting talent, and ensuring sustainable growth.
6. Conclusion
By adopting a multi-pronged approach to self-regulation, NASSCOM can ensure the long-term sustainability of the Indian IT industry. This approach will require collaboration with stakeholders, including industry members, government agencies, and civil society organizations. By embracing corporate social responsibility, promoting innovation, and advocating for favorable policies, NASSCOM can position the Indian IT industry as a global leader in both economic growth and ethical practices.
7. Discussion
Alternative approaches to self-regulation include:
- Government regulation: While this approach can provide a strong framework, it can also be inflexible and stifle innovation.
- Market forces: Relying solely on market forces can lead to a race to the bottom, where companies prioritize short-term profits over long-term sustainability and ethical practices.
The recommendations presented in this case study solution are based on the assumption that NASSCOM has the capacity to implement these initiatives effectively and that the industry members are willing to embrace self-regulation.
8. Next Steps
NASSCOM should:
- Form a task force: This task force should be responsible for developing and implementing the self-regulation framework.
- Engage with stakeholders: NASSCOM should engage with industry members, government agencies, and civil society organizations to gain their input and support for the self-regulation framework.
- Develop a communication strategy: NASSCOM should develop a communication strategy to inform the public about the self-regulation framework and its benefits.
- Monitor and evaluate: NASSCOM should monitor the effectiveness of the self-regulation framework and make adjustments as needed.
By taking these steps, NASSCOM can ensure that the Indian IT industry continues to grow and thrive while upholding ethical practices and contributing to a more sustainable future.
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Case Description
In a collective prisoners' dilemma or commons problem, self-interested behavior by firms results in poor outcomes for all. Can self-regulation through an industry association solve the commons problem? Specifically, what explains NASSCOM's (National Association of Software and Service Companies) success in saving a scandal-ridden member company, Satyam, from going out of business? Satyam's demise would have shattered client trust in all Indian IT firms; saving it was an unprecedented feat for an industry association. The case provides concrete examples for instructors to highlight the varieties of commons problems faced by industry. It also provides background information on how NASSCOM established its identity and credibility with the government, formulated its values, and crafted its governance model. This background helps students relate to Elinor Ostrom's core design principles that characterize robust institutions for solving commons problems.
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