Harvard Case - Entrepreneurship in a Changing Arctic: Siberian Reindeer Herders and the Northern Sea Route
"Entrepreneurship in a Changing Arctic: Siberian Reindeer Herders and the Northern Sea Route" Harvard business case study is written by Sophus A. Reinert, Quinn Lewis, Anders Oskal, Kjell Stokvik. It deals with the challenges in the field of Business & Government Relations. The case study is 28 page(s) long and it was first published on : Feb 8, 2022
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multi-pronged strategy for Siberian reindeer herders to navigate the changing Arctic landscape and capitalize on the opportunities presented by the Northern Sea Route. This strategy combines traditional herding practices with modern business models, leveraging technology and partnerships to ensure economic growth, environmental sustainability, and community resilience.
2. Background
This case study examines the challenges and opportunities facing Siberian reindeer herders in the face of climate change, globalization, and the opening of the Northern Sea Route. The herders, deeply rooted in their traditional way of life, are confronted with a rapidly changing environment and the potential for economic development through the emerging Arctic shipping route. The case highlights the complex interplay of environmental, economic, and social factors impacting the herders' livelihoods.
The main protagonists are the reindeer herders themselves, representing a diverse group with varying levels of technological adoption and entrepreneurial ambition. The case also features the Russian government, seeking to develop the Northern Sea Route for economic growth and geopolitical influence, and international businesses interested in utilizing the route for trade and resource extraction.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
This case study can be analyzed through the lens of competitive strategy, entrepreneurship, and sustainable development.
Competitive Strategy: The herders face competition from various sources:
- Traditional competitors: Other reindeer herders competing for grazing land and access to markets.
- Emerging competitors: Companies involved in resource extraction, tourism, and shipping along the Northern Sea Route.
- Government policies: Regulations on reindeer herding, land use, and environmental protection.
Entrepreneurship: The herders have the potential to develop entrepreneurial ventures by:
- Diversifying income sources: Offering tourism services, selling reindeer products, or engaging in resource extraction (with careful environmental considerations).
- Adopting new technologies: Utilizing GPS tracking for reindeer, developing online marketplaces for reindeer products, and adopting sustainable farming practices.
- Building partnerships: Collaborating with international businesses, NGOs, and government agencies to access resources, markets, and expertise.
Sustainable Development: The herders must balance economic development with environmental protection and cultural preservation:
- Sustainable herding practices: Adopting grazing rotation, reindeer herd management, and minimizing environmental impact.
- Community development: Investing in education, healthcare, and infrastructure to improve the quality of life for herders.
- Preserving cultural heritage: Maintaining traditional knowledge and practices while adapting to changing circumstances.
4. Recommendations
- Form a Cooperative: Herding communities should establish a cooperative to leverage collective bargaining power, access resources, and coordinate entrepreneurial activities.
- Develop a Sustainable Business Model: The cooperative should develop a business model that integrates traditional herding practices with modern technologies and market opportunities. This could include:
- Reindeer product diversification: Producing and marketing high-quality reindeer meat, hides, and other products for domestic and international markets.
- Ecotourism: Developing sustainable tourism packages that showcase the unique culture and environment of the region.
- Resource extraction: Exploring opportunities for responsible resource extraction, such as mining or forestry, with strict environmental safeguards.
- Partner with International Businesses: The cooperative should seek partnerships with international businesses operating in the Arctic region. This could involve:
- Joint ventures: Collaborating with shipping companies to provide reindeer herding services or develop sustainable tourism projects.
- Technology transfer: Partnering with companies to adopt innovative technologies for reindeer management and product processing.
- Market access: Securing access to international markets for reindeer products.
- Advocate for Government Support: The cooperative should advocate for government policies that support sustainable reindeer herding and economic development in the Arctic region. This could include:
- Tax incentives: Providing tax breaks for businesses operating in the Arctic region, including reindeer herding cooperatives.
- Infrastructure development: Investing in transportation infrastructure, communication networks, and education facilities in reindeer herding communities.
- Environmental regulations: Enacting regulations that protect the environment while allowing for sustainable economic development.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: The recommendations leverage the herders' core competencies in reindeer herding while promoting sustainable business practices and community development.
- External customers and internal clients: The recommendations consider the needs of both external customers (international businesses, tourists, consumers) and internal clients (reindeer herders themselves).
- Competitors: The recommendations aim to position the herders favorably in relation to competitors by leveraging their unique strengths and adapting to changing market dynamics.
- Attractiveness: The recommendations are based on the potential for economic growth, environmental sustainability, and community resilience, which are key factors for the long-term success of the herders.
- Assumptions: The recommendations are based on the assumption that the herders are willing to adapt to changing circumstances, embrace new technologies, and collaborate with external partners.
6. Conclusion
Siberian reindeer herders face significant challenges and opportunities in the rapidly changing Arctic environment. By embracing entrepreneurship, adopting sustainable practices, and forming strategic partnerships, they can navigate these challenges and build a more prosperous and resilient future for their communities.
7. Discussion
Alternative options include:
- Individual entrepreneurship: Herding families could pursue individual entrepreneurial ventures without forming a cooperative. However, this approach may lack the collective bargaining power and resource access of a cooperative.
- Government-led development: The Russian government could take a more active role in developing the Arctic region, potentially leading to increased economic opportunities but also raising concerns about environmental protection and community autonomy.
Key risks and assumptions:
- Environmental risks: Climate change, pollution, and resource extraction could negatively impact reindeer herding and the Arctic ecosystem.
- Market risks: The demand for reindeer products and tourism services may fluctuate, and competition from other businesses may be intense.
- Political risks: Government policies and regulations could change, affecting the herders' livelihoods and economic opportunities.
8. Next Steps
- Establish a cooperative: Herding communities should immediately begin discussions about forming a cooperative.
- Develop a business plan: The cooperative should develop a detailed business plan outlining its objectives, strategies, and financial projections.
- Seek partnerships: The cooperative should actively seek partnerships with international businesses, NGOs, and government agencies.
- Advocate for government support: The cooperative should engage with government officials to advocate for policies that support sustainable reindeer herding and economic development in the Arctic region.
By taking these steps, Siberian reindeer herders can position themselves to thrive in the changing Arctic and contribute to the sustainable development of the region.
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