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Harvard Case - "Care in Every Drop": Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (A)

""Care in Every Drop": Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (A)" Harvard business case study is written by Debora L. Spar, Paul M. Healy, Tricia Peralta, Julia Comeau. It deals with the challenges in the field of Business & Government Relations. The case study is 24 page(s) long and it was first published on : Nov 27, 2023

At Fern Fort University, we recommend that Manila Water Company (MWC) continue its strategy of prioritizing corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental sustainability while navigating the complex political and regulatory landscape of the Philippines. This approach, coupled with a focus on innovation and operational efficiency, will ensure MWC's long-term success in providing essential water services to the growing population of Metro Manila.

2. Background

This case study examines the journey of Manila Water Company (MWC), a subsidiary of Ayala Corporation, as it navigates the challenges of providing clean water to the densely populated Metro Manila region. The case highlights the complexities of public-private partnerships in developing countries, where government policy and regulation, political influence, and economic growth all play significant roles.

The main protagonists are:

  • Ayala Corporation: A leading Philippine conglomerate with a strong commitment to corporate social responsibility and infrastructure development.
  • Manila Water Company: A private company responsible for water distribution and treatment in eastern Metro Manila.
  • The Philippine Government: A key stakeholder in the water sector, responsible for regulation, policy, and infrastructure investment.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

Strategic Framework: This case study can be analyzed using the Porter's Five Forces framework, which helps to understand the competitive landscape and the factors influencing MWC's success:

  • Threat of new entrants: The water sector in the Philippines is relatively concentrated, making it difficult for new entrants to compete effectively. However, the government's push for privatization could open the door to new players.
  • Bargaining power of buyers: Consumers have limited bargaining power, as they are dependent on MWC for their water supply. However, the government's role as a regulator and potential competitor can influence pricing.
  • Bargaining power of suppliers: MWC relies on a variety of suppliers, including equipment manufacturers, construction companies, and chemical suppliers. The bargaining power of these suppliers is moderate.
  • Threat of substitute products: While there are no direct substitutes for water, consumers can potentially rely on alternative sources like rainwater harvesting or bottled water, which could pose a threat in the long term.
  • Competitive rivalry: The water sector in Metro Manila is dominated by two major players: MWC and Maynilad Water Services. Competition between these companies is intense, focusing on pricing, service quality, and CSR initiatives.

Key Challenges:

  • Political and Regulatory Environment: The case highlights the challenges of operating in a complex political and regulatory environment, where government contracts, lobbying strategies, and corporate political activity play a significant role. The government's role as a regulator and potential competitor can create uncertainty and influence MWC's business decisions.
  • Financial Sustainability: MWC faces challenges in balancing the need to provide affordable water services with the need to generate sufficient revenue to cover its operational costs and investments. The company must navigate the delicate balance between economic growth, poverty, and financial sustainability.
  • Environmental Sustainability: The case emphasizes the importance of environmental sustainability in the water sector, particularly in a densely populated and rapidly developing region like Metro Manila. MWC must balance the need for water supply with the need to protect water resources and minimize environmental impact.
  • Social Responsibility: MWC has a strong commitment to corporate social responsibility, recognizing the importance of addressing the needs of vulnerable communities and promoting social equity. This commitment is crucial for building trust and maintaining a positive public image.

4. Recommendations

  1. Strengthen Public-Private Partnerships: MWC should actively engage with the government to build stronger public-private partnerships that foster a more predictable and supportive regulatory environment. This includes:

    • Negotiating long-term contracts: Securing long-term contracts with the government can provide stability and reduce uncertainty, allowing MWC to plan for future investments.
    • Collaborating on infrastructure development: MWC can partner with the government to develop new infrastructure projects, leveraging its expertise and financial resources.
    • Advocating for policy changes: MWC should actively engage in lobbying strategies to advocate for policy changes that support its business objectives and promote the overall water sector.
  2. Prioritize Innovation and Operational Efficiency: MWC should invest in innovation and technology to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance service quality. This includes:

    • Smart water metering: Implementing smart water meters can improve water management, reduce leakage, and enhance billing accuracy.
    • Water treatment technologies: Investing in advanced water treatment technologies can improve water quality and reduce environmental impact.
    • Data analytics: Leveraging data analytics can help MWC optimize water distribution, identify leaks, and improve customer service.
  3. Enhance Corporate Social Responsibility: MWC should continue to prioritize corporate social responsibility, recognizing its importance in building trust and creating long-term value. This includes:

    • Investing in community outreach programs: MWC can invest in programs that promote water conservation, hygiene, and sanitation in vulnerable communities.
    • Supporting environmental sustainability initiatives: MWC can contribute to efforts to protect water resources, reduce pollution, and promote sustainable water management practices.
    • Promoting transparency and accountability: MWC should be transparent about its operations and financial performance, fostering trust and building a positive public image.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations are based on the following considerations:

  • Core competencies and consistency with mission: MWC's core competencies lie in water management, infrastructure development, and CSR initiatives. These recommendations align with its mission to provide safe and reliable water services while contributing to the well-being of the community.
  • External customers and internal clients: These recommendations address the needs of both external customers (consumers) and internal clients (employees). By improving service quality, enhancing operational efficiency, and promoting CSR initiatives, MWC can build stronger relationships with all stakeholders.
  • Competitors: MWC's competitors are also facing similar challenges and opportunities. By focusing on innovation, operational efficiency, and CSR initiatives, MWC can differentiate itself and gain a competitive advantage.
  • Attractiveness ' quantitative measures: While it is difficult to quantify the impact of these recommendations in the short term, the long-term benefits are significant. Investing in innovation, operational efficiency, and CSR initiatives can lead to cost savings, improved customer satisfaction, and enhanced brand reputation, ultimately contributing to MWC's financial sustainability and long-term growth.

6. Conclusion

MWC is well-positioned to continue its success in providing essential water services to Metro Manila. By prioritizing corporate social responsibility, environmental sustainability, innovation, and operational efficiency, MWC can navigate the complexities of the Philippine water sector and contribute to the sustainable development of the region.

7. Discussion

Alternatives Not Selected:

  • Aggressive Cost Cutting: While cost cutting can be a short-term solution, it can also lead to reduced service quality and damage MWC's reputation.
  • Focusing Solely on Profit Maximization: Prioritizing profit maximization at the expense of CSR and environmental sustainability can alienate customers and stakeholders, ultimately harming MWC's long-term success.

Risks and Key Assumptions:

  • Political Instability: Political instability in the Philippines could disrupt MWC's operations and make it difficult to secure long-term contracts.
  • Economic Downturn: An economic downturn could reduce consumer demand for water services, impacting MWC's revenue.
  • Environmental Challenges: Climate change and other environmental challenges could impact water availability and quality, requiring MWC to adapt its operations and invest in new technologies.

Options Grid:

OptionProsCons
Strengthen Public-Private PartnershipsIncreased stability, access to government resources, favorable policy changesPolitical risks, potential conflicts of interest
Prioritize Innovation and Operational EfficiencyImproved service quality, cost savings, enhanced competitivenessHigh initial investment costs, potential technological challenges
Enhance Corporate Social ResponsibilityStronger brand reputation, increased customer loyalty, improved community relationsHigher operating costs, potential for reputational damage if not implemented effectively

8. Next Steps

  • Develop a strategic plan: MWC should develop a comprehensive strategic plan that outlines its long-term vision, key priorities, and specific action steps for implementing these recommendations.
  • Allocate resources: MWC should allocate sufficient resources to support its strategic initiatives, including investments in innovation, technology, and CSR programs.
  • Monitor progress: MWC should regularly monitor the progress of its initiatives and make adjustments as needed to ensure that it is achieving its objectives.

By taking these steps, MWC can continue to play a vital role in providing essential water services to Metro Manila while contributing to the sustainable development of the region.

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Case Description

Since 1834, eight generations of the Ayala family have used their conglomerate to fund nation-building projects in the Philippines, including investments in tramcars, telecommunications, hospitals, and schools. In 1997, Ayala's subsidiary, Manila Water, took control of the failing water distribution system in Metro Manila's east zone, vowing to rebuild the infrastructure and bring cleaner, safer, and more widespread water to the area. Manila Water largely succeeded in this mission in its early years, but, as time went on and the climate grew more unpredictable, it became increasingly difficult to source water for the growing population. By 2019, Manila Water became unable to bring its customers a consistent supply of water, prompting both public and political outrage directed at the firm and the Ayala family. With their legacy at risk and the problem of water scarcity enduring, how should Manila Water and Ayala move forward?

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