Harvard Case - Angola Starts Now
"Angola Starts Now" Harvard business case study is written by Jeremy Friedman, Sophus A. Reinert. It deals with the challenges in the field of Business & Government Relations. The case study is 28 page(s) long and it was first published on : Jan 25, 2019
At Fern Fort University, we recommend that Angola prioritize a multifaceted strategy focused on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and fostering domestic entrepreneurship to drive economic growth and diversification. This strategy should emphasize the development of a robust legal and regulatory framework, coupled with targeted infrastructure improvements and the creation of a favorable business environment. By addressing key challenges in governance, corruption, and human capital development, Angola can position itself as an attractive investment destination, unlocking its vast potential and fostering sustainable economic growth.
2. Background
Angola, a nation rich in natural resources, has experienced significant economic growth in recent years, largely fueled by oil exports. However, the country faces significant challenges, including high levels of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. The case study highlights the need for diversification beyond oil and the development of a more sustainable and inclusive economic model.
The main protagonist of the case is the Angolan government, seeking to attract foreign investment and promote economic diversification. The case study also highlights the role of international organizations like the World Bank and the IMF in providing support and guidance to Angola.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
This case study can be analyzed through the lens of Porter's Five Forces framework, which helps to understand the competitive landscape and identify opportunities for growth:
- Threat of New Entrants: Angola faces a moderate threat from new entrants, particularly in sectors like agriculture and manufacturing. However, the lack of infrastructure and regulatory complexities can act as barriers to entry.
- Bargaining Power of Buyers: The bargaining power of buyers is relatively low, as Angola's oil exports are crucial for many global economies. However, diversification will lead to increased buyer power in other sectors.
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Angola has strong bargaining power over its suppliers, particularly in the oil and gas sector. However, diversification will necessitate greater reliance on global suppliers.
- Threat of Substitutes: The threat of substitutes is moderate, as Angola's oil exports face competition from other oil-producing nations. Diversification will reduce this threat by creating new industries with limited substitutes.
- Competitive Rivalry: Competitive rivalry within Angola is low, as the economy is heavily concentrated in the oil sector. Diversification will lead to increased competition, creating opportunities for innovation and growth.
4. Recommendations
To achieve sustainable economic growth and diversification, Angola should implement the following recommendations:
1. Enhance the Business Environment:
- Improve the Legal and Regulatory Framework: Simplify business registration processes, streamline bureaucratic procedures, and strengthen property rights protection.
- Combat Corruption: Implement transparent and accountable governance structures, strengthen anti-corruption laws, and promote ethical business practices.
- Develop Human Capital: Invest in education and training programs to enhance the skills of the workforce, particularly in technical and managerial roles.
2. Attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):
- Promote Sectoral Diversification: Focus on attracting FDI in sectors with high growth potential, such as agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, and renewable energy.
- Develop Infrastructure: Invest in critical infrastructure, including transportation, energy, and telecommunications, to facilitate business operations and attract FDI.
- Offer Tax Incentives and Investment Guarantees: Provide attractive tax incentives and investment guarantees to encourage FDI, particularly in priority sectors.
3. Foster Domestic Entrepreneurship:
- Create Business Incubators and Support Networks: Establish incubators and support networks to provide mentorship, funding, and resources to budding entrepreneurs.
- Promote Access to Finance: Develop financial institutions and programs that provide affordable financing options for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
- Simplify Access to Land and Resources: Streamline land allocation processes and provide clear access to natural resources for entrepreneurs.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: The recommendations align with Angola's goal of diversifying its economy and achieving sustainable economic growth.
- External Customers and Internal Clients: These recommendations aim to attract foreign investors, create opportunities for domestic businesses, and improve the lives of Angolan citizens.
- Competitors: The recommendations consider the need to create a competitive advantage for Angola in attracting FDI and fostering entrepreneurship.
- Attractiveness ' Quantitative Measures: The recommendations are expected to lead to increased FDI, job creation, and economic growth, ultimately contributing to a higher standard of living for Angolan citizens.
6. Conclusion
Angola has the potential to become a leading economy in sub-Saharan Africa. By implementing a comprehensive strategy focused on attracting FDI, fostering domestic entrepreneurship, and developing a conducive business environment, Angola can unlock its vast potential and achieve sustainable economic growth.
7. Discussion
Alternative Options:
- Focus solely on oil revenue: This option would be risky, as global oil prices are volatile and demand for oil is expected to decline in the long term.
- Rely on aid and grants: This approach would create dependency on external actors and limit Angola's ability to achieve self-sufficiency.
Risks and Key Assumptions:
- Political instability: Political instability could deter FDI and hinder economic growth.
- Corruption: High levels of corruption could undermine investor confidence and hinder economic development.
- Lack of skilled labor: A shortage of skilled labor could limit the growth of certain sectors.
8. Next Steps
- Develop a comprehensive national development plan: This plan should outline specific targets, timelines, and strategies for achieving economic diversification and sustainable growth.
- Establish a dedicated agency for attracting FDI: This agency should be responsible for promoting investment opportunities, providing support to investors, and streamlining investment procedures.
- Implement a public awareness campaign: This campaign should highlight the benefits of economic diversification and encourage Angolans to embrace entrepreneurship.
By taking these steps, Angola can position itself for a brighter future, one where economic growth is inclusive, sustainable, and driven by innovation and entrepreneurship.
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Case Description
After five centuries of colonialism, four decades of civil war, an extended experiment with Marxism-Leninism, and nearly four decades of rule by a single man, José Eduardo Dos Santos, Angola finally has a chance to realize its enormous economic potential. A country blessed with enormous resources of oil, gold, and diamonds, it also has some of the most fertile remaining untilled land in Africa. However, since the end of fighting in 2002, Angola's vast wealth has been squandered by a small elite tied to the single party that has ruled the country since independence, the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). In a country with a per capita GDP of over $4,000, the vast majority of the population subsists on less than $2 per day, and little investment has been made in infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Can the country's - and the MPLA's - new president, João Lourenço implement the necessary reforms to unlock Angola's economic potential, or will the existing power structure prevent the sort of change that is required if Angola's people are to finally see the benefits of independence?
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