Harvard Case - The Other WTO: Using Toilet Humour to Facilitate Global Access to Toilets
"The Other WTO: Using Toilet Humour to Facilitate Global Access to Toilets" Harvard business case study is written by Kenneth Goh, Thomas Lim. It deals with the challenges in the field of Strategy. The case study is 6 page(s) long and it was first published on : Jan 18, 2023
At Fern Fort University, we recommend that the World Toilet Organization (WTO) adopt a multi-pronged strategy to expand its reach and impact. This strategy leverages a combination of disruptive innovation, strategic partnerships, and a robust digital transformation to address the global sanitation crisis.
2. Background
The case study focuses on the World Toilet Organization (WTO), a non-profit organization dedicated to improving sanitation and hygiene worldwide. The WTO faces a significant challenge: despite a growing global awareness of the importance of sanitation, access to proper toilets remains a significant problem, particularly in developing countries. The WTO's founder, Jack Sim, employs humor and unconventional methods to raise awareness and promote sanitation solutions.
The case study highlights the WTO's unique approach to tackling a global issue. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that combines technological innovation, social awareness campaigns, and policy advocacy.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
SWOT Analysis:
Strengths:
- Unique and impactful approach: WTO's use of humor and unconventional methods effectively captures attention and breaks down social stigma surrounding sanitation.
- Global network: The WTO has built a network of partners, including governments, NGOs, and private companies, enabling collaboration and resource mobilization.
- Focus on innovation: The WTO actively promotes innovative sanitation solutions, including low-cost and sustainable technologies.
Weaknesses:
- Limited resources: As a non-profit organization, the WTO faces financial constraints, limiting its ability to scale its programs.
- Lack of brand recognition: While the WTO has a strong presence within the sanitation sector, it needs to increase its brand awareness among the general public.
- Challenges in influencing policy: The WTO faces difficulties in advocating for policy changes that directly impact sanitation access.
Opportunities:
- Growing global awareness: Increasing attention to sanitation and hygiene presents a significant opportunity for the WTO to expand its reach and influence.
- Technological advancements: Emerging technologies in sanitation, such as waterless toilets and waste management systems, offer new solutions and opportunities for the WTO.
- Partnerships with private sector: Collaboration with businesses can provide access to funding, technology, and distribution channels, accelerating the WTO's impact.
Threats:
- Competition from other organizations: The WTO faces competition from other NGOs and government agencies working in the sanitation sector.
- Economic instability: Economic downturns can hinder progress in sanitation infrastructure development, impacting the WTO's initiatives.
- Political instability: Political unrest and conflict can disrupt sanitation programs and hinder the WTO's operations.
Porter's Five Forces Analysis:
- Threat of new entrants: The sanitation sector is relatively fragmented, with numerous NGOs and private companies operating. The threat of new entrants is moderate, as establishing a strong presence requires significant resources and expertise.
- Bargaining power of buyers: The WTO's target market is diverse, including governments, NGOs, and individuals. The bargaining power of buyers is moderate, as the WTO offers unique services and expertise.
- Bargaining power of suppliers: The WTO relies on a wide range of suppliers, including technology providers, construction companies, and sanitation product manufacturers. The bargaining power of suppliers is moderate, as the WTO can leverage its network and partnerships to secure favorable terms.
- Threat of substitute products: The threat of substitute products is low, as sanitation solutions are essential and often have limited alternatives.
- Competitive rivalry: The WTO faces competition from other organizations working in the sanitation sector. However, the WTO's unique approach and focus on innovation differentiate it from its competitors.
Value Chain Analysis:
The WTO's value chain can be analyzed as follows:
- Inbound Logistics: The WTO receives funding, resources, and technology from various partners.
- Operations: The WTO develops and implements sanitation programs, conducts research, and provides training.
- Outbound Logistics: The WTO distributes sanitation products and technologies, and promotes awareness campaigns.
- Marketing and Sales: The WTO engages in public awareness campaigns, advocates for policy changes, and promotes its services and programs.
- Service: The WTO provides technical assistance, capacity building, and support to its partners.
Business Model Innovation:
The WTO's business model is based on a non-profit model that relies on donations, grants, and partnerships. The organization leverages its unique approach, including humor and unconventional methods, to attract attention and resources.
4. Recommendations
1. Disruptive Innovation:
- Develop and promote low-cost, sustainable sanitation technologies: The WTO should invest in research and development of innovative sanitation solutions that are affordable and accessible to low-income communities. This can include waterless toilets, composting toilets, and other sustainable sanitation systems.
- Leverage technology and analytics: The WTO should utilize data analytics and digital platforms to track progress, identify areas for improvement, and target interventions effectively. This can include using mobile apps to collect data, monitor sanitation facilities, and provide real-time feedback.
2. Strategic Partnerships:
- Form strategic alliances with private sector companies: The WTO should collaborate with businesses involved in sanitation technology, infrastructure development, and product manufacturing. This can provide access to funding, technology, and distribution channels.
- Partner with governments and NGOs: The WTO should strengthen its partnerships with governments and NGOs to leverage their resources, expertise, and reach. This can include joint initiatives, advocacy efforts, and capacity building programs.
3. Digital Transformation:
- Develop a robust online platform: The WTO should create a user-friendly website and social media presence to disseminate information, engage with stakeholders, and promote its programs.
- Utilize digital marketing and communication strategies: The WTO should leverage digital marketing tools to reach a wider audience, increase brand awareness, and raise funds. This can include targeted advertising, social media campaigns, and online fundraising initiatives.
4. Capacity Building and Training:
- Develop and implement training programs for sanitation professionals: The WTO should provide training and capacity building programs for sanitation workers, engineers, and policymakers. This can include technical skills development, best practices sharing, and policy advocacy training.
- Empower local communities: The WTO should empower local communities to take ownership of sanitation programs and initiatives. This can include community-based sanitation programs, participatory decision-making, and community-led sanitation infrastructure development.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on a thorough analysis of the WTO's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. They are aligned with the WTO's mission to improve sanitation and hygiene worldwide, and they leverage the organization's unique approach and expertise.
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: The recommendations focus on leveraging the WTO's existing strengths, such as its innovative approach and global network, to achieve its mission of improving sanitation access.
- External customers and internal clients: The recommendations address the needs of both external customers, such as governments, NGOs, and individuals, and internal clients, such as sanitation professionals and local communities.
- Competitors: The recommendations aim to differentiate the WTO from its competitors by focusing on disruptive innovation, strategic partnerships, and digital transformation.
- Attractiveness - quantitative measures: The recommendations are expected to lead to increased funding, program effectiveness, and impact. While quantifying the exact impact is challenging, the WTO can track key performance indicators, such as the number of people benefiting from its programs, the number of sanitation facilities built, and the number of partners engaged.
6. Conclusion
The WTO has a unique opportunity to leverage its innovative approach and global network to address the global sanitation crisis. By adopting a multi-pronged strategy that combines disruptive innovation, strategic partnerships, and a robust digital transformation, the WTO can significantly expand its reach and impact.
7. Discussion
Alternatives:
- Focus solely on traditional fundraising and advocacy: While this approach may be more familiar, it may not be as effective in driving innovation and achieving significant impact.
- Partner exclusively with government agencies: This approach may limit the WTO's ability to leverage private sector resources and expertise.
Risks and Key Assumptions:
- Funding challenges: The WTO relies heavily on donations and grants, which can be unpredictable.
- Technological advancements: The success of the recommendations depends on continued advancements in sanitation technologies.
- Political instability: Political unrest and conflict can hinder progress in sanitation infrastructure development.
8. Next Steps
- Develop a detailed strategic plan: The WTO should develop a comprehensive strategic plan outlining its goals, objectives, and implementation strategies.
- Secure funding and resources: The WTO should actively seek funding from foundations, corporations, and governments to support its initiatives.
- Build a strong team: The WTO should recruit and retain talented individuals with expertise in sanitation, technology, and business development.
- Implement pilot programs: The WTO should implement pilot programs to test and refine its innovative sanitation solutions.
- Monitor and evaluate progress: The WTO should regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of its programs and initiatives.
By taking these steps, the WTO can effectively address the global sanitation crisis and create a world where everyone has access to safe and dignified sanitation.
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Case Description
When Jack Sim turned 40, it was the height of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, which had decimated half his wealth. The Singaporean entrepreneur found himself wanting to live a more meaningful life, and decided to devote his remaining years to promoting the need for clean sanitation. He first set up the Restroom Association of Singapore (RAS), and buoyed by its success, he went on to found the World Toilet Organization (WTO). Given that the topic of sanitation is awkward and not one to generate interest among the public at large, Sim opted to use humour, specifically toilet humour, to attract attention and gather support for his cause. In the process, he often drew upon his expertise as a consummate salesman to persuade people to agree with him that clean toilets could be a status symbol - not unlike branded handbags. Sim also found that in trying to enlist governments to aid his movement, he had to understand how bureaucrats work and tailor his strategies accordingly, such that the probability of getting their support would be raised. But while he had perfected the art of using humour to make the unsanitary topic as commonplace and ordinary as the weather, with the world still buffeted by COVID-19, the Ukraine war, and sky-rocketing inflation, how could he continue to sustain people's interest in this cause?
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