Free DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy Case Study Solution | Assignment Help

Harvard Case - DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy

"DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy" Harvard business case study is written by Michael G. Rukstad, Peter J. Coughlan, Carl Johnston. It deals with the challenges in the field of Strategy. The case study is 18 page(s) long and it was first published on : Sep 12, 2001

At Fern Fort University, we recommend DaimlerChrysler implement a comprehensive knowledge management strategy that leverages technology, fosters collaboration, and promotes a culture of continuous learning. This strategy should focus on capturing, sharing, and leveraging knowledge across the organization to enhance innovation, improve decision-making, and drive sustainable competitive advantage.

2. Background

DaimlerChrysler, a global automotive giant formed through a merger in 1998, faced challenges in integrating knowledge from its diverse subsidiaries. This resulted in duplication of efforts, missed opportunities, and a lack of synergy. The case study highlights the company's need for a robust knowledge management strategy to address these issues and unlock its full potential.

The main protagonists in the case are:

  • J'rgen Schrempp: CEO of DaimlerChrysler, who recognized the need for a knowledge management strategy to improve integration and efficiency.
  • Dieter Zetsche: Head of Mercedes-Benz, who championed the use of technology to facilitate knowledge sharing.
  • The Knowledge Management Team: Responsible for developing and implementing the knowledge management strategy.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

SWOT Analysis:

  • Strengths: Global presence, strong brands, established manufacturing capabilities, experienced workforce.
  • Weaknesses: Integration challenges, siloed knowledge, lack of standardized processes, limited technology adoption.
  • Opportunities: Leverage technology for knowledge sharing, foster collaboration across subsidiaries, develop a culture of innovation, expand into emerging markets.
  • Threats: Intense competition, rapid technological advancements, economic uncertainty, environmental regulations.

Porter's Five Forces:

  • Threat of new entrants: High due to the automotive industry's capital-intensive nature and the emergence of new technologies.
  • Bargaining power of buyers: Moderate, as consumers have a wide range of choices but are often loyal to specific brands.
  • Bargaining power of suppliers: Moderate, as suppliers have some leverage due to their specialized components but face competition from other automotive manufacturers.
  • Threat of substitute products: High due to the rise of alternative transportation solutions like electric vehicles and ride-sharing services.
  • Rivalry among existing competitors: High, with established players like Toyota, Volkswagen, and General Motors vying for market share.

Value Chain Analysis:

  • Primary Activities: Research and development, design, manufacturing, marketing and sales, after-sales service.
  • Support Activities: Human resource management, infrastructure, technology development, procurement.

Business Model Innovation:

  • Value Proposition: Offer high-quality, innovative vehicles with a focus on safety, performance, and luxury.
  • Customer Segments: Individual consumers, corporate fleets, government agencies.
  • Channels: Direct sales, dealerships, online platforms.
  • Customer Relationships: Build long-term relationships through customer service, loyalty programs, and brand building.
  • Revenue Streams: Vehicle sales, after-sales services, spare parts, financing.

Strategic Planning:

  • Corporate Strategy: Focus on global growth, product innovation, and brand differentiation.
  • Business Unit Strategy: Each subsidiary should develop its own strategy aligned with the overall corporate strategy.
  • Functional Strategy: Develop strategies for marketing, finance, operations, and human resources to support the business unit strategies.

Market Segmentation:

  • Geographic: Target different regions with tailored products and marketing campaigns.
  • Demographic: Cater to specific age groups, income levels, and lifestyles.
  • Psychographic: Appeal to customers with specific values, attitudes, and interests.

Blue Ocean Strategy:

  • Create uncontested market space: Develop innovative products and services that meet unmet customer needs.
  • Break the value-cost trade-off: Offer high value at a competitive price.
  • Focus on differentiation: Emphasize unique features and benefits to stand out from competitors.

Disruptive Innovation:

  • Identify emerging technologies: Explore new technologies like electric vehicles, autonomous driving, and connected cars.
  • Develop disruptive products: Introduce new products that challenge existing market paradigms.
  • Expand into new markets: Target new customer segments with innovative offerings.

Balanced Scorecard:

  • Financial Perspective: Profitability, revenue growth, return on investment.
  • Customer Perspective: Customer satisfaction, brand loyalty, market share.
  • Internal Processes Perspective: Efficiency, quality, innovation.
  • Learning and Growth Perspective: Employee skills, knowledge sharing, organizational culture.

Core Competencies:

  • Engineering and design: Develop innovative and high-quality vehicles.
  • Manufacturing capabilities: Efficiently produce vehicles at scale.
  • Global reach: Access diverse markets and talent pools.
  • Brand recognition: Build strong brand equity and customer loyalty.

Diversification:

  • Product diversification: Expand into new vehicle segments, such as SUVs, electric vehicles, and commercial vehicles.
  • Market diversification: Enter new geographic markets, particularly in emerging economies.

Vertical Integration:

  • Forward integration: Expand into retail operations or after-sales service.
  • Backward integration: Acquire suppliers to control key components and processes.

Horizontal Integration:

  • Mergers and acquisitions: Acquire competitors to gain market share and access new technologies.

Strategic Alliances:

  • Joint ventures: Collaborate with other companies to develop new technologies or enter new markets.
  • Partnerships: Form strategic alliances with suppliers, distributors, and technology providers.

Outsourcing:

  • Non-core activities: Outsource functions like manufacturing, logistics, or IT services to focus on core competencies.

Globalization Strategies:

  • Global standardization: Offer standardized products and services across all markets.
  • Adaptation: Tailor products and marketing campaigns to meet local needs and preferences.
  • Transnational strategy: Leverage global resources and expertise while adapting to local conditions.

Product Differentiation:

  • Features and benefits: Offer unique features and benefits that differentiate products from competitors.
  • Quality and performance: Focus on delivering high-quality and reliable products.
  • Brand image: Build a strong brand image that resonates with target customers.

Cost Leadership:

  • Efficiency and scale: Optimize manufacturing processes, leverage economies of scale, and reduce costs.
  • Value chain analysis: Identify and eliminate unnecessary costs throughout the value chain.

Market Penetration:

  • Increase market share: Capture a larger share of existing markets by offering competitive pricing, promotions, and improved customer service.

Market Development:

  • Enter new markets: Expand into new geographic regions or customer segments.

Product Development:

  • Introduce new products: Develop innovative products that meet unmet customer needs or address emerging trends.

Resource-Based View:

  • Identify key resources: Analyze the organization's resources, capabilities, and competitive advantages.
  • Exploit competitive advantages: Leverage unique resources to create sustainable competitive advantage.

Dynamic Capabilities:

  • Adapt to change: Develop the ability to adapt to rapidly changing market conditions and technological advancements.
  • Innovate and learn: Foster a culture of continuous innovation and learning.

Scenario Planning:

  • Develop multiple scenarios: Consider different possible future scenarios, including optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely outcomes.
  • Plan for contingencies: Develop contingency plans to address potential challenges and opportunities.

Stakeholder Analysis:

  • Identify key stakeholders: Analyze the interests and expectations of key stakeholders, including customers, employees, investors, and government agencies.
  • Manage stakeholder relationships: Develop strategies to manage stakeholder expectations and build strong relationships.

Strategic Positioning:

  • Define target market: Clearly define the target market and the value proposition for each product or service.
  • Develop a competitive strategy: Choose a competitive strategy that aligns with the organization's strengths and the competitive landscape.

Business Ecosystem:

  • Collaborate with partners: Build a network of partners to enhance value creation and innovation.
  • Leverage external resources: Access complementary resources and capabilities from other organizations.

Game Theory in Strategy:

  • Analyze competitor behavior: Understand the strategic motivations and actions of competitors.
  • Develop optimal strategies: Develop strategies that anticipate and respond to competitor moves.

Strategic Leadership:

  • Set a clear vision: Communicate a clear vision for the future of the organization.
  • Empower employees: Create an environment where employees are empowered to take initiative and contribute to strategic goals.

Change Management:

  • Communicate effectively: Communicate the need for change and the benefits of the new strategy.
  • Involve employees: Engage employees in the change process and provide support during the transition.

Organizational Culture:

  • Foster a culture of innovation: Encourage creativity, experimentation, and risk-taking.
  • Promote knowledge sharing: Create a culture where employees are willing to share their knowledge and expertise.

Strategic Implementation:

  • Develop action plans: Create detailed action plans with specific timelines and responsibilities.
  • Monitor progress: Regularly monitor progress and make adjustments as needed.

Benchmarking:

  • Identify best practices: Analyze the practices of leading companies in the industry.
  • Adopt best practices: Implement best practices to improve performance and efficiency.

Strategic Control:

  • Set performance targets: Establish clear performance targets and metrics.
  • Monitor performance: Track performance against targets and identify areas for improvement.

PESTEL Analysis:

  • Political: Government policies, regulations, and trade agreements.
  • Economic: Economic growth, interest rates, inflation, currency fluctuations.
  • Social: Demographics, cultural trends, consumer preferences.
  • Technological: Technological advancements, innovation, disruptive technologies.
  • Environmental: Environmental regulations, sustainability concerns, climate change.
  • Legal: Laws, regulations, and legal frameworks.

Industry Lifecycle:

  • Growth stage: High growth, increasing competition, new entrants.
  • Maturity stage: Slowing growth, consolidation, price competition.
  • Decline stage: Declining sales, exit of competitors, industry consolidation.

Strategic Groups:

  • Identify competitors: Identify companies that compete in the same market segment or use similar strategies.
  • Analyze competitive dynamics: Understand the competitive dynamics within each strategic group.

Value Proposition:

  • Define customer needs: Identify the needs and wants of target customers.
  • Offer unique value: Develop a value proposition that provides unique benefits to customers.

Business Portfolio Analysis:

  • Analyze business units: Evaluate the performance and potential of different business units.
  • Allocate resources: Allocate resources to the most promising business units.

BCG Matrix:

  • Classify business units: Classify business units based on market share and market growth rate.
  • Develop strategies: Develop strategies for each business unit based on its position in the matrix.

Ansoff Matrix:

  • Identify growth opportunities: Identify growth opportunities through market penetration, market development, product development, or diversification.
  • Develop strategies: Develop strategies for each growth opportunity.

Strategic Intent:

  • Define long-term goals: Establish clear and ambitious long-term goals.
  • Mobilize resources: Mobilize resources and focus efforts on achieving strategic goals.

Sustainable Competitive Advantage:

  • Develop unique capabilities: Develop unique capabilities that are difficult for competitors to imitate.
  • Create value for customers: Create value for customers that is difficult for competitors to match.

Strategic Flexibility:

  • Adapt to change: Be prepared to adapt to rapidly changing market conditions.
  • Develop contingency plans: Have contingency plans in place to address unexpected challenges.

Corporate Social Responsibility:

  • Environmental sustainability: Implement sustainable practices to reduce environmental impact.
  • Social responsibility: Engage in ethical business practices and support social causes.

Digital Transformation Strategy:

  • Embrace digital technologies: Leverage digital technologies to improve efficiency, innovation, and customer experience.
  • Develop digital capabilities: Develop digital skills and expertise within the organization.

Strategic Foresight:

  • Anticipate future trends: Identify emerging trends and anticipate their impact on the business.
  • Develop long-term strategies: Develop long-term strategies to address future opportunities and challenges.

4. Recommendations

1. Establish a Centralized Knowledge Management Platform:

  • Implement a centralized knowledge management platform, accessible to all employees across subsidiaries.
  • Utilize a combination of technologies, including document management systems, collaboration tools, and social media platforms.
  • Ensure the platform is user-friendly, intuitive, and accessible on multiple devices.

2. Foster a Culture of Knowledge Sharing:

  • Encourage employees to share their knowledge and expertise through the platform.
  • Implement incentives and rewards for knowledge sharing, such as recognition programs and performance bonuses.
  • Promote a culture of continuous learning and knowledge acquisition.

3. Develop Standardized Knowledge Management Processes:

  • Establish standardized processes for capturing, storing, retrieving, and sharing knowledge.
  • Define clear guidelines for knowledge creation, documentation, and dissemination.
  • Implement a system for knowledge quality control and validation.

4. Leverage Technology for Knowledge Analytics:

  • Utilize data analytics tools to identify knowledge gaps, track knowledge usage, and measure the impact of knowledge management initiatives.
  • Analyze knowledge patterns and trends to identify opportunities for innovation and improvement.

5. Integrate Knowledge Management with Business Processes:

  • Integrate knowledge management into key business processes, such as product development, customer service, and decision-making.
  • Develop knowledge-based tools and resources to support specific business functions.

6. Provide Training and Support:

  • Provide training and support to employees on how to effectively use the knowledge management platform and processes.
  • Offer workshops, webinars, and online resources to enhance knowledge management skills.

7. Measure and Evaluate Knowledge Management Performance:

  • Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the impact of knowledge management initiatives.
  • Regularly monitor and evaluate performance against KPIs to identify areas for improvement.

8. Align Knowledge Management Strategy with Corporate Goals:

  • Ensure the knowledge management strategy is aligned with the overall corporate strategy and business objectives.
  • Regularly review and update the strategy to reflect changing business needs and priorities.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations consider the following:

1. Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission:

  • The recommendations focus on leveraging DaimlerChrysler's core competencies in engineering, manufacturing, and brand management.
  • They are consistent with the company's mission to provide high-quality, innovative vehicles and deliver exceptional customer experiences.

2. External Customers and Internal Clients:

  • The recommendations aim to improve customer satisfaction by providing access to relevant knowledge and expertise.
  • They also aim to enhance internal collaboration and efficiency by facilitating knowledge sharing among employees.

3. Competitors:

  • The recommendations aim to help DaimlerChrysler stay ahead of the competition by fostering innovation and knowledge-driven decision-making.
  • They also aim to improve the company's ability to adapt to rapidly changing market conditions.

4. Attractiveness ' Quantitative Measures if Applicable:

  • While quantifying the exact financial benefits of knowledge management is challenging, the recommendations are expected to lead to tangible improvements in efficiency, innovation, and customer satisfaction.
  • These improvements are likely to translate into increased revenue, reduced costs, and enhanced profitability.

Assumptions:

  • The company is committed to investing in the necessary technology and resources to implement the knowledge management strategy.
  • Employees are willing to embrace the new culture of knowledge sharing and collaboration.
  • The company is able to effectively measure and evaluate the impact of knowledge management initiatives.

6. Conclusion

By implementing a comprehensive knowledge management strategy, DaimlerChrysler can unlock the full potential of its diverse subsidiaries, enhance innovation, improve decision-making, and drive sustainable competitive advantage. The strategy should focus on leveraging technology, fostering collaboration, and promoting a culture of continuous learning.

7. Discussion

Alternatives:

  • Siloed knowledge management: Each subsidiary could continue to manage its own knowledge base, but this would limit collaboration and innovation.
  • Limited technology adoption: The company could choose to implement a less sophisticated knowledge management platform, but this would limit its capabilities and potential impact.
  • Lack of commitment: The company could fail to fully commit to the knowledge management strategy, resulting in limited adoption and impact.

Risks:

  • Resistance to change: Employees may resist the adoption of new knowledge management processes and technologies.
  • Data security concerns: The company needs to address data security concerns and ensure the confidentiality of sensitive information.
  • Lack of clear metrics: The company needs to develop clear metrics to measure the impact of knowledge management initiatives.

Key Assumptions:

  • The company is committed to investing in the necessary technology and resources.
  • Employees are willing to embrace the new culture of knowledge sharing.
  • The company is able to effectively measure and evaluate the impact of knowledge management initiatives.

8. Next Steps

Timeline:

  • Phase 1 (Months 1-3): Develop a detailed knowledge management strategy, select a platform, and pilot test the platform with a small group of employees.
  • Phase 2 (Months 4-6): Roll out the platform to all employees, provide training and support, and begin collecting data on knowledge usage.
  • Phase 3 (Months 7-9): Integrate knowledge management into key business processes, develop knowledge-based tools and resources, and refine the platform based on user feedback.
  • Phase 4 (Months 10-12): Expand the knowledge management program to include external partners and suppliers, and continue to monitor and evaluate performance.

Key Milestones:

  • Develop a comprehensive knowledge management strategy document.
  • Select and implement a centralized knowledge management platform.
  • Train all employees on the platform and processes.
  • Integrate knowledge management into key business processes.
  • Establish KPIs to measure the impact of knowledge management initiatives.
  • Regularly monitor and evaluate performance against KPIs.

By taking these steps, DaimlerChrysler can successfully implement a knowledge management strategy that will help the company achieve its strategic goals and drive sustainable competitive advantage.

Hire an expert to write custom solution for HBR Strategy case study - DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy

more similar case solutions ...

Case Description

Provides an overview of knowledge management and the knowledge management strategy of DaimlerChrysler relative to its competition.

🎓 Struggling with term papers, essays, or Harvard case studies? Look no further! Fern Fort University offers top-quality, custom-written solutions tailored to your needs. Boost your grades and save time with expertly crafted content. Order now and experience academic excellence! 🌟📚 #MBA #HarvardCaseStudies #CustomEssays #AcademicSuccess #StudySmart Write my custom case study solution for Harvard HBR case - DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy

Hire an expert to write custom solution for HBR Strategy case study - DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy

DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy FAQ

What are the qualifications of the writers handling the "DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy" case study?

Our writers hold advanced degrees in their respective fields, including MBAs and PhDs from top universities. They have extensive experience in writing and analyzing complex case studies such as " DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy ", ensuring high-quality, academically rigorous solutions.

How do you ensure confidentiality and security in handling client information?

We prioritize confidentiality by using secure data encryption, access controls, and strict privacy policies. Apart from an email, we don't collect any information from the client. So there is almost zero risk of breach at our end. Our financial transactions are done by Paypal on their website so all your information is very secure.

What is Fern Fort Univeristy's process for quality control and proofreading in case study solutions?

The DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy case study solution undergoes a rigorous quality control process, including multiple rounds of proofreading and editing by experts. We ensure that the content is accurate, well-structured, and free from errors before delivery.

Where can I find free case studies solution for Harvard HBR Strategy Case Studies?

At Fern Fort University provides free case studies solutions for a variety of Harvard HBR case studies. The free solutions are written to build "Wikipedia of case studies on internet". Custom solution services are written based on specific requirements. If free solution helps you with your task then feel free to donate a cup of coffee.

I’m looking for Harvard Business Case Studies Solution for DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy. Where can I get it?

You can find the case study solution of the HBR case study "DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy" at Fern Fort University.

Can I Buy Case Study Solution for DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy & Seek Case Study Help at Fern Fort University?

Yes, you can order your custom case study solution for the Harvard business case - "DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy" at Fern Fort University. You can get a comprehensive solution tailored to your requirements.

Can I hire someone only to analyze my DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy solution? I have written it, and I want an expert to go through it.

🎓 Struggling with term papers, essays, or Harvard case studies? Look no further! Fern Fort University offers top-quality, custom-written solutions tailored to your needs. Boost your grades and save time with expertly crafted content. Order now and experience academic excellence! 🌟📚 #MBA #HarvardCaseStudies #CustomEssays #AcademicSuccess #StudySmart Pay an expert to write my HBR study solution for the case study - DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy

Where can I find a case analysis for Harvard Business School or HBR Cases?

You can find the case study solution of the HBR case study "DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy" at Fern Fort University.

Which are some of the all-time best Harvard Review Case Studies?

Some of our all time favorite case studies are -

Can I Pay Someone To Solve My Case Study - "DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy"?

Yes, you can pay experts at Fern Fort University to write a custom case study solution that meets all your professional and academic needs.

Do I have to upload case material for the case study DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy to buy a custom case study solution?

We recommend to upload your case study because Harvard HBR case studies are updated regularly. So for custom solutions it helps to refer to the same document. The uploading of specific case materials for DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy ensures that the custom solution is aligned precisely with your needs. This helps our experts to deliver the most accurate, latest, and relevant solution.

What is a Case Research Method? How can it be applied to the DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy case study?

The Case Research Method involves in-depth analysis of a situation, identifying key issues, and proposing strategic solutions. For "DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy" case study, this method would be applied by examining the case’s context, challenges, and opportunities to provide a robust solution that aligns with academic rigor.

"I’m Seeking Help with Case Studies,” How can Fern Fort University help me with my case study assignments?

Fern Fort University offers comprehensive case study solutions, including writing, analysis, and consulting services. Whether you need help with strategy formulation, problem-solving, or academic compliance, their experts are equipped to assist with your assignments.

Achieve academic excellence with Fern Fort University! 🌟 We offer custom essays, term papers, and Harvard HBR business case studies solutions crafted by top-tier experts. Experience tailored solutions, uncompromised quality, and timely delivery. Elevate your academic performance with our trusted and confidential services. Visit Fern Fort University today! #AcademicSuccess #CustomEssays #MBA #CaseStudies

How do you handle tight deadlines for case study solutions?

We are adept at managing tight deadlines by allocating sufficient resources and prioritizing urgent projects. Our team works efficiently without compromising quality, ensuring that even last-minute requests are delivered on time

What if I need revisions or edits after receiving the case study solution?

We offer free revisions to ensure complete client satisfaction. If any adjustments are needed, our team will work closely with you to refine the solution until it meets your expectations.

How do you ensure that the case study solution is plagiarism-free?

All our case study solutions are crafted from scratch and thoroughly checked using advanced plagiarism detection software. We guarantee 100% originality in every solution delivered

How do you handle references and citations in the case study solutions?

We follow strict academic standards for references and citations, ensuring that all sources are properly credited according to the required citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).

Hire an expert to write custom solution for HBR Strategy case study - DaimlerChrysler Knowledge Management Strategy




Referrences & Bibliography for Harvard Stategy Case Study Analysis & Solution

1. Andrews, K. R. (1980). The concept of corporate strategy. Harvard Business Review, 61(3), 139-148.

2. Ansoff, H. I. (1957). Strategies for diversification. Harvard Business Review, 35(5), 113-124.

3. Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1995). The right game: Use game theory to shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 73(4), 57-71.

4. Christensen, C. M., & Raynor, M. E. (2003). Why hard-nosed executives should care about management theory. Harvard Business Review, 81(9), 66-74.

5. Christensen, C. M., & Raynor, M. E. (2003). The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press.

6. D'Aveni, R. A. (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. Harvard Business Review Press.

7. Ghemawat, P. (1991). Commitment: The dynamic of strategy. Harvard Business Review, 69(2), 78-91.

8. Ghemawat, P. (2002). Competition and business strategy in historical perspective. Business History Review, 76(1), 37-74.

9. Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.

10. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The balanced scorecard--measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71-79.

11. Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2004). Blue ocean strategy. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 76-84.

12. Kotter, J. P. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 73(2), 59-67.

13. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. (2008). Strategy safari: A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management. Harvard Business Press.

14. Porter, M. E. (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 57(2), 137-145.

15. Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. Simon and Schuster.

16. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.

17. Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.

18. Rumelt, R. P. (1979). Evaluation of strategy: Theory and models. Strategic Management Journal, 1(1), 107-126.

19. Rumelt, R. P. (1984). Towards a strategic theory of the firm. Competitive Strategic Management, 556-570.

20. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.