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Harvard Case - China's "Furious Five" Smartphones: Huawei, Xiaomi, Oppo/Vivo and Lenovo - Strategies and Origins

"China's "Furious Five" Smartphones: Huawei, Xiaomi, Oppo/Vivo and Lenovo - Strategies and Origins" Harvard business case study is written by Guoli Chen, Tony Tong, Yangao Xiao, Nianchen Han. It deals with the challenges in the field of Strategy. The case study is 28 page(s) long and it was first published on : Mar 26, 2018

At Fern Fort University, we recommend that the 'Furious Five' smartphone companies continue to leverage their strengths in innovation, cost-effectiveness, and understanding of the Chinese market to maintain their dominance in the global smartphone market. This will require a continued focus on:

  • Product differentiation: Developing innovative features and designs that cater to specific consumer needs and desires.
  • Global expansion: Expanding into new markets, particularly in emerging economies, while adapting their strategies to local preferences and regulations.
  • Strategic alliances: Partnering with other companies to leverage complementary strengths and enhance their global reach.
  • Digital transformation: Embracing digital technologies, such as AI and machine learning, to improve their operations and customer experience.

2. Background

This case study examines the remarkable rise of five Chinese smartphone manufacturers: Huawei, Xiaomi, Oppo, Vivo, and Lenovo. These companies, collectively known as the 'Furious Five,' have rapidly gained market share, challenging established players like Samsung and Apple. Their success is attributed to a combination of factors, including:

  • Innovation: They have consistently introduced innovative features and designs, often at lower prices than their competitors.
  • Cost-effectiveness: They have leveraged their manufacturing capabilities in China to produce high-quality smartphones at competitive prices.
  • Understanding of the Chinese market: They have a deep understanding of the preferences and needs of Chinese consumers, allowing them to develop products that resonate with the local market.

Main protagonists of the case study:

  • Huawei: Known for its technological prowess and focus on high-end smartphones.
  • Xiaomi: A pioneer in the 'value for money' smartphone segment, known for its innovative features and strong online presence.
  • Oppo and Vivo: Focused on design and user experience, with a strong presence in the offline retail market.
  • Lenovo: A diversified technology company with a strong presence in the PC market, expanding its smartphone business through acquisitions.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

Industry Analysis:

  • Porter's Five Forces: The smartphone industry is characterized by intense competition, with several players vying for market share. The threat of new entrants is moderate, while the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers is relatively high. The industry is also characterized by rapid technological advancements, leading to high barriers to entry.
  • Competitive Advantage: The 'Furious Five' companies have achieved competitive advantage through a combination of factors, including:
    • Cost leadership: Leveraging their manufacturing capabilities in China to produce smartphones at lower costs.
    • Product differentiation: Developing innovative features and designs that appeal to specific consumer segments.
    • Strong brand building: Creating strong brand identities through effective marketing and customer engagement.
  • SWOT Analysis:
    • Strengths: Innovation, cost-effectiveness, strong brand recognition, strong distribution channels, and a deep understanding of the Chinese market.
    • Weaknesses: Dependence on Chinese manufacturing, potential for intellectual property disputes, and limited brand recognition in certain markets.
    • Opportunities: Expanding into new markets, particularly in emerging economies, and leveraging digital technologies to enhance their operations and customer experience.
    • Threats: Intense competition from established players, potential for trade wars, and fluctuating global economic conditions.

Business Model Innovation:

  • Value Chain Analysis: The 'Furious Five' companies have streamlined their value chains by focusing on key areas, such as research and development, manufacturing, and marketing. They have also leveraged partnerships and outsourcing to optimize their operations.
  • Business Model Innovation: These companies have adopted innovative business models, such as:
    • Direct-to-consumer sales: Selling smartphones directly to consumers through online channels, bypassing traditional retail channels.
    • Ecosystem approach: Developing a range of interconnected products and services, such as wearables, smart home devices, and cloud services.
    • Focus on emerging markets: Targeting fast-growing markets, such as India and Southeast Asia, where smartphone penetration is still relatively low.

Globalization Strategies:

  • International Business: The 'Furious Five' companies have successfully expanded their operations to global markets, adapting their strategies to local preferences and regulations. They have achieved this through:
    • Mergers and acquisitions: Acquiring companies in key markets to gain access to local expertise and distribution channels.
    • Strategic alliances: Partnering with local companies to leverage their knowledge of the market and build brand awareness.
    • Product customization: Tailoring their products to meet the specific needs and preferences of consumers in different markets.

4. Recommendations

To maintain their dominance in the global smartphone market, the 'Furious Five' companies should focus on the following strategies:

  • Continued innovation: Invest heavily in research and development to develop innovative features and designs that differentiate their products from competitors. This includes exploring emerging technologies such as AI, 5G, and foldable displays.
  • Global expansion: Expand into new markets, particularly in emerging economies, where smartphone penetration is still growing rapidly. This will require adapting their strategies to local preferences and regulations, including language, cultural nuances, and pricing.
  • Strategic alliances: Partner with other companies to leverage complementary strengths and enhance their global reach. This could include partnerships with local distributors, technology providers, or even competitors in specific markets.
  • Digital transformation: Embrace digital technologies, such as AI and machine learning, to improve their operations and customer experience. This includes using AI for personalized recommendations, predictive maintenance, and fraud detection.
  • Strengthening brand management: Develop a consistent brand identity across all markets, building trust and loyalty among consumers. This includes investing in marketing campaigns, social media engagement, and customer service initiatives.
  • Corporate social responsibility: Integrate sustainability into their operations and products, addressing environmental concerns and promoting ethical business practices. This can enhance their brand image and attract environmentally conscious consumers.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations are based on the following considerations:

  • Core competencies and consistency with mission: The 'Furious Five' companies have a strong track record of innovation and cost-effectiveness, which are essential for maintaining their competitive advantage. These recommendations align with their mission to provide high-quality smartphones at affordable prices.
  • External customers and internal clients: The recommendations are designed to meet the needs of both external customers and internal clients. They focus on developing innovative products, expanding into new markets, and improving operational efficiency.
  • Competitors: The recommendations are designed to counter the competitive threats posed by established players like Samsung and Apple. They emphasize innovation, cost-effectiveness, and brand building.
  • Attractiveness ' quantitative measures if applicable (e.g., NPV, ROI, break-even, payback): The recommendations are expected to generate positive returns on investment through increased market share, revenue growth, and operational efficiency.
  • Assumptions: These recommendations are based on the assumption that the global smartphone market will continue to grow, driven by increasing demand in emerging economies and the adoption of new technologies.

6. Conclusion

The 'Furious Five' smartphone companies have achieved remarkable success by leveraging their strengths in innovation, cost-effectiveness, and understanding of the Chinese market. To maintain their dominance in the global smartphone market, they must continue to innovate, expand into new markets, and embrace digital transformation. By focusing on these key areas, they can ensure their continued success in the years to come.

7. Discussion

Other Alternatives:

  • Focusing solely on the Chinese market: This would limit their growth potential and make them vulnerable to changes in the Chinese market.
  • Adopting a low-cost strategy: This could lead to a decline in brand image and customer loyalty.
  • Merging with a competitor: This could lead to antitrust issues and potential cultural clashes.

Risks and Key Assumptions:

  • Competition from established players: Samsung and Apple are formidable competitors with strong brand recognition and global reach.
  • Trade wars and geopolitical tensions: These could disrupt supply chains and increase costs.
  • Technological advancements: Rapid technological advancements could render current products obsolete.

Options Grid:

OptionProsCons
Continued innovationMaintain competitive advantage, attract new customersHigh investment costs, risk of obsolescence
Global expansionAccess to new markets, increased revenueCultural challenges, regulatory hurdles
Strategic alliancesLeverage complementary strengths, reduce costsPotential for conflicts of interest, loss of control
Digital transformationImprove operational efficiency, enhance customer experienceHigh investment costs, risk of cyberattacks

8. Next Steps

  • Develop a comprehensive strategic plan: This plan should outline the company's vision, mission, goals, and strategies for achieving them.
  • Allocate resources: Invest in research and development, marketing, and global expansion.
  • Build strong partnerships: Develop strategic alliances with other companies to leverage complementary strengths.
  • Embrace digital transformation: Invest in new technologies and develop a digital strategy.
  • Monitor progress and make adjustments: Continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies and make adjustments as needed.

By taking these steps, the 'Furious Five' smartphone companies can continue to thrive in the global smartphone market and shape the future of the industry.

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Case Description

The case focuses on China's 'furious five' smartphone makers - Huawei, Xiaomi, Lenovo, and OPPO/Vivo, charting the history of the industry and the changing dynamics of the global market. It explains the emerging market context in which these companies operate, its distinctive features, opportunities and challenges, and the various ways they have triumphed over established global brands. The case provides a detailed introduction to the respective Chinese smartphone makers and their products. It discusses their current strategies and how they were influenced at the formative stage by the background and experience of the respective founders. It examines their development trajectories to shed light on their global strategies in the future. Given its dynamic growth and intense competition, China's smartphone market offers an ideal setting to analyse the competitive heterogeneity of firms in an emerging market context.

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