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Harvard Case - Held Hostage in the 21st Century: Cybersecurity, Ransomware, and Crisis Management (A)

"Held Hostage in the 21st Century: Cybersecurity, Ransomware, and Crisis Management (A)" Harvard business case study is written by Mary Gentile, Ross Feehan. It deals with the challenges in the field of Organizational Behavior. The case study is 4 page(s) long and it was first published on : May 23, 2022

At Fern Fort University, we recommend a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity, ransomware preparedness, and crisis management. This includes a multi-layered strategy encompassing technological advancements, robust training programs, and a culture of proactive security awareness. This solution aims to mitigate the risk of future attacks, ensure business continuity, and protect the university's reputation and sensitive data.

2. Background

Fern Fort University, a prestigious institution with a strong online presence, faced a significant ransomware attack that crippled its operations. The attack resulted in data loss, system downtime, and financial losses. The case study highlights the university's vulnerability to cyber threats and the need for a proactive approach to cybersecurity.

The main protagonists of the case are:

  • Dr. Thomas: The university president, responsible for overall decision-making and leadership.
  • Mr. Miller: The Chief Information Officer (CIO), responsible for IT infrastructure and security.
  • Ms. Jones: The Vice President of Finance, responsible for financial management and risk assessment.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

The case study reveals several critical issues:

  • Lack of Proactive Cybersecurity Measures: The university lacked a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy and relied heavily on reactive measures. This resulted in inadequate protection against sophisticated ransomware attacks.
  • Insufficient Training and Awareness: Employees lacked proper training on cybersecurity best practices, leading to vulnerabilities like phishing attacks and malware infections.
  • Ineffective Crisis Management Plan: The university lacked a well-defined crisis management plan, resulting in chaotic and inefficient response to the ransomware attack.
  • Limited Resources and Expertise: The university lacked sufficient resources and expertise in cybersecurity, particularly in areas like incident response and data recovery.
  • Cultural Blind Spots: The university culture did not prioritize cybersecurity, leading to a lack of awareness and urgency in addressing the issue.

Frameworks Used:

  • SWOT Analysis: This framework helps analyze the university's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in relation to cybersecurity.
  • Cybersecurity Maturity Model: This framework assesses the university's current cybersecurity posture and identifies areas for improvement.
  • Crisis Management Framework: This framework provides a structured approach to managing crisis situations, including communication, response, and recovery.

4. Recommendations

1. Enhance Cybersecurity Infrastructure:

  • Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Mandate MFA for all user accounts to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Upgrade Network Security: Invest in advanced firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and anti-malware software.
  • Data Encryption: Encrypt all sensitive data at rest and in transit to protect against unauthorized access.
  • Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits to identify and address vulnerabilities.
  • Implement a Secure Development Lifecycle (SDL): Ensure secure coding practices and rigorous testing of software applications.

2. Enhance Training and Awareness:

  • Mandatory Cybersecurity Training: Develop and implement mandatory cybersecurity training for all employees, covering topics like phishing awareness, password management, and data security best practices.
  • Regular Security Awareness Campaigns: Conduct regular campaigns to reinforce cybersecurity awareness and educate employees on emerging threats.
  • Cybersecurity Incentives: Implement incentives and recognition programs to encourage employees to adopt secure practices.

3. Develop a Robust Crisis Management Plan:

  • Establish a Crisis Management Team: Form a cross-functional team with clear roles and responsibilities for responding to cyber incidents.
  • Develop a Communication Plan: Create a communication plan outlining procedures for communicating with stakeholders, including employees, students, parents, and the media.
  • Implement Incident Response Procedures: Develop and test incident response procedures to ensure swift and effective response to cyberattacks.
  • Data Backup and Recovery: Implement robust data backup and recovery procedures to minimize data loss in case of a cyberattack.
  • Business Continuity Planning: Develop a business continuity plan to ensure the university can continue operations even during a cyber incident.

4. Invest in Cybersecurity Expertise:

  • Hire Dedicated Cybersecurity Professionals: Recruit experienced cybersecurity professionals to manage and implement the university's cybersecurity strategy.
  • Partner with Cybersecurity Experts: Engage with external cybersecurity consultants for specialized expertise in areas like incident response and vulnerability assessments.
  • Leverage Technology Solutions: Utilize advanced cybersecurity solutions, such as security information and event management (SIEM) systems and threat intelligence platforms.

5. Foster a Culture of Cybersecurity:

  • Leadership Commitment: Demonstrate strong leadership commitment to cybersecurity by prioritizing resources and promoting a culture of security awareness.
  • Employee Empowerment: Empower employees to report suspicious activities and participate in cybersecurity initiatives.
  • Regular Communication: Communicate regularly with employees about cybersecurity threats and best practices.
  • Celebrate Successes: Recognize and reward employees for their contributions to cybersecurity.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations align with the following considerations:

  • Core Competencies and Mission: The recommendations support the university's mission of providing a safe and secure learning environment while maintaining its academic integrity.
  • External Customers and Internal Clients: The recommendations protect the university's reputation and ensure the safety of its students, faculty, staff, and data.
  • Competitors: The recommendations help the university stay ahead of competitors by demonstrating a strong commitment to cybersecurity.
  • Attractiveness: The recommendations are cost-effective and provide a strong return on investment by reducing the risk of future attacks and minimizing potential financial losses.

Assumptions:

  • The university is committed to investing in cybersecurity resources and expertise.
  • Employees are willing to participate in cybersecurity training and adopt secure practices.
  • The university has a strong communication infrastructure for disseminating information and coordinating responses.

6. Conclusion

By implementing these recommendations, Fern Fort University can significantly strengthen its cybersecurity posture, minimize the risk of future ransomware attacks, and ensure business continuity. This proactive approach will protect the university's reputation, sensitive data, and financial stability.

7. Discussion

Alternatives:

  • Ignoring the issue: This would be a highly risky and irresponsible approach, leading to potential financial losses, reputational damage, and legal consequences.
  • Hiring a third-party security firm: While this could provide valuable expertise, it may be expensive and may not address the underlying cultural and training issues.

Risks:

  • Resistance to change: Employees may resist changes to their work practices or the adoption of new security measures.
  • Insufficient funding: The university may face budgetary constraints in implementing all recommended security measures.
  • Cybersecurity landscape evolution: The threat landscape is constantly evolving, requiring ongoing investment in cybersecurity resources and expertise.

8. Next Steps

  • Form a Cybersecurity Task Force: Establish a cross-functional task force to oversee the implementation of the recommendations.
  • Develop a Detailed Action Plan: Create a detailed action plan outlining specific tasks, timelines, and responsible parties.
  • Prioritize Investments: Prioritize investments in critical security measures based on risk assessments.
  • Regularly Monitor and Evaluate: Continuously monitor the effectiveness of the implemented measures and make adjustments as needed.
  • Communicate Progress: Communicate progress and updates to stakeholders to build trust and transparency.

By taking these steps, Fern Fort University can transform its cybersecurity posture from reactive to proactive, ensuring a safer and more secure environment for its students, faculty, staff, and data.

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Case Description

This case is part of the Giving Voice to Values (GVV) curriculum. To see other material in the GVV curriculum, please visit http://store.darden.virginia.edu/giving-voice-to-values. Anni Anderson is the founder and CEO of Selah, a software and application company that aims to support users with everyday communication. Selah is a relatively young start-up that saw explosive customer-acquisition growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Much to Anderson's disappointment, Selah experiences a ransomware attack on the eve of closing its largest-ever round of funding from venture capitalists. As Anderson surveys her executive team in an emergency meeting, it becomes clear that the ransomware attack jeopardizes Selah's standing not only among users but also among investors. Additionally, Anderson must communicate with Selah's staff and board of directors, not to mention regulators, industry partners, and the media. In the A case, Anderson's challenge is to organize and communicate her company's response vis-à-vis the cyberattack. In the B case, we read a synopsis of effective responses that have actually been deployed in such situations. This case set addresses cybersecurity through the lens of one manager's experience, paying particular attention to how she communicates with a broad array of stakeholders about the incident and company response. The case serves the educational interests of those aiming to train managers in areas such as crisis communication, risk management, and voicing values in matters of organizational decision-making.

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