Harvard Case - Wir Schaffen Das: Angela Merkel and Germany's Response to the Refugee Crisis in Europe
"Wir Schaffen Das: Angela Merkel and Germany's Response to the Refugee Crisis in Europe" Harvard business case study is written by Eric Brien Rosenbach, Laura Winig. It deals with the challenges in the field of General Management. The case study is 32 page(s) long and it was first published on : Nov 16, 2020
At Fern Fort University, we recommend a multi-pronged approach to managing the influx of refugees, focusing on strategic planning, organizational structure, leadership styles, and stakeholder management. This approach aims to balance the humanitarian imperative with the need for long-term sustainability and social cohesion within Germany.
2. Background
The case study 'Wir Schaffen Das: Angela Merkel and Germany's Response to the Refugee Crisis in Europe' examines the unprecedented influx of refugees into Germany in 2015 and the subsequent challenges faced by the government. The case highlights the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel, who made the controversial decision to welcome refugees with open arms, despite the potential political and social repercussions.
The main protagonists are:
- Angela Merkel: Chancellor of Germany, whose leadership and decision-making were central to the response to the refugee crisis.
- German Government: Responsible for implementing policies and managing the influx of refugees.
- German People: Faced with the social, economic, and cultural impacts of the refugee crisis.
- Refugees: Seeking safety and a new life in Germany.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
The case study can be analyzed through the lens of strategic planning and organizational change.
Strategic Planning:
- SWOT Analysis: Germany's response to the refugee crisis can be evaluated using a SWOT analysis:
- Strengths: Strong economy, well-developed social safety net, established integration programs, and a history of welcoming refugees.
- Weaknesses: Limited housing capacity, potential strain on public services, potential for social unrest, and the need for significant resource allocation.
- Opportunities: Potential for economic growth through refugee contributions, increased cultural diversity, and enhanced international reputation.
- Threats: Political backlash, economic instability, security concerns, and potential for social conflict.
- Porter's Five Forces: The refugee crisis presented a dynamic external environment with significant implications for Germany:
- Threat of new entrants: Limited, as the crisis itself was a major driver of migration.
- Bargaining power of buyers (refugees): Limited, as refugees were largely dependent on government assistance.
- Bargaining power of suppliers (NGOs, aid organizations): Moderate, as the government relied on external support for refugee assistance.
- Threat of substitutes: Limited, as Germany was a primary destination for refugees seeking safety and opportunity.
- Rivalry among existing competitors: Limited, as the focus was on collaboration and coordination among government agencies and NGOs.
Organizational Change:
- Change Management: The influx of refugees required significant organizational change within the German government and society:
- Communication: Clear and consistent communication was crucial to manage public perception and address concerns.
- Training: Government officials, NGOs, and volunteers needed training on refugee integration and cultural sensitivity.
- Resource Allocation: Significant financial and human resources were needed to support refugee needs.
- Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging with diverse stakeholders, including refugees, local communities, and NGOs, was essential for successful integration.
4. Recommendations
To navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by the refugee crisis, Germany should adopt a multi-pronged approach:
Strategic Planning:
- Develop a comprehensive national strategy: This strategy should outline clear objectives, timelines, and resource allocation for refugee integration.
- Establish a dedicated task force: This task force should be responsible for coordinating government efforts, involving stakeholders, and monitoring progress.
- Conduct regular assessments: Regularly assess the effectiveness of policies and programs, identify areas for improvement, and adapt to evolving needs.
Organizational Structure:
- Enhance government capacity: Invest in training and recruitment to ensure sufficient staff for refugee processing, integration programs, and social services.
- Strengthen partnerships with NGOs: Foster collaboration and coordination with NGOs to leverage their expertise and resources.
- Establish regional integration centers: Create dedicated centers to streamline refugee processing, language acquisition, and access to social services.
Leadership Styles:
- Emphasize empathy and compassion: Leaders should demonstrate empathy towards refugees and address public concerns with sensitivity and understanding.
- Promote transparency and accountability: Clearly communicate government policies and actions, and ensure accountability for resource allocation and program delivery.
- Foster a culture of inclusivity: Promote a culture of acceptance and respect for diversity, encouraging social cohesion and integration.
Stakeholder Management:
- Engage with refugee communities: Actively involve refugees in the design and implementation of integration programs to ensure their needs are met.
- Address local community concerns: Engage with local communities to address their concerns and promote understanding of the refugee crisis.
- Build partnerships with businesses: Encourage businesses to create opportunities for refugees through employment, training, and entrepreneurship programs.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core competencies and consistency with mission: Germany's core competencies in social welfare, economic development, and international cooperation align with the mission of providing support and opportunities for refugees.
- External customers and internal clients: The recommendations consider the needs of refugees, local communities, government agencies, and NGOs as key stakeholders.
- Competitors: While the focus is on collaboration rather than competition, the recommendations aim to ensure that Germany remains a desirable destination for refugees compared to other European countries.
- Attractiveness: The recommendations aim to enhance the attractiveness of Germany as a destination for refugees while mitigating potential social and economic risks.
6. Conclusion
Germany's response to the refugee crisis demonstrates the challenges and opportunities associated with managing large-scale migration. By adopting a strategic, inclusive, and collaborative approach, Germany can effectively address the challenges, promote social cohesion, and leverage the potential benefits of refugee integration.
7. Discussion
Other alternatives not selected include:
- Restricting refugee intake: This approach would have been politically expedient but would have violated Germany's humanitarian obligations and potentially damaged its international reputation.
- Prioritizing economic integration: While economic integration is important, a sole focus on economic benefits could neglect the social and psychological needs of refugees.
Key assumptions of the recommendations include:
- Continued political will: Sustaining the political will to support refugee integration is crucial for long-term success.
- Effective communication: Clear and consistent communication is essential to manage public perception and address concerns.
- Resource availability: Sufficient financial and human resources are needed to implement the recommendations effectively.
8. Next Steps
The following timeline outlines key milestones for implementing the recommendations:
- Year 1: Develop a comprehensive national strategy, establish a dedicated task force, and launch pilot integration programs.
- Year 2: Expand integration programs, strengthen partnerships with NGOs, and establish regional integration centers.
- Year 3: Evaluate the effectiveness of programs, address emerging challenges, and refine the national strategy based on lessons learned.
This multi-pronged approach, grounded in strategic planning, organizational change, and stakeholder engagement, provides a framework for Germany to manage the challenges and opportunities presented by the refugee crisis while fostering a more inclusive and sustainable future.
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Case Description
On August 24, 2015, Angela Merkel, chancellor of Germany, and Francois Hollande, president of France, met in Berlin to discuss solutions to what had become known as the European refugee crisis. The vast influx of refugees was the result of thousands from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq leaving their war torn countries to travel across the Mediterranean Sea or overland to seek refuge in European Union (EU) countries. The crisis had been building since the beginning of the year, leaving some countries-particularly those at the EU borders-overwhelmed with refugees. In the meantime the Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF), Germany's Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, announced it had ratified an order suspending the Dublin convention, a 1990 protocol which forced refugees to apply for asylum in the first EU member country in which they set foot. "Germany will become the member state responsible for processing their claims," a government statement said of the refugees, largely from Syria. As a result, Germany quickly became the first-choice destination for Syrians. Word of Merkel's suspension of the Dublin protocol spread quickly among refugees-Syrian and otherwise-who were heading to the EU or already waiting in camps. Indeed, Hungary's ambassador to Germany, Peter Györkös, later claimed that on August 26, Serbian police found thousands of discarded passports on their side of the border. "From that moment on, every refugee was a Syrian," he told The Guardian.
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