Harvard Case - Lehman Brothers and the Securitization of American Express Charge-Card Receivables
"Lehman Brothers and the Securitization of American Express Charge-Card Receivables" Harvard business case study is written by Andre F. Perold, Kuljot Singh. It deals with the challenges in the field of Finance. The case study is 12 page(s) long and it was first published on : Apr 23, 1993
At Fern Fort University, we recommend Lehman Brothers proceed with the securitization of American Express charge-card receivables, but with a focus on robust risk management and transparency. This strategy will unlock significant value for Lehman Brothers by diversifying their asset portfolio, generating new revenue streams, and enhancing their position in the burgeoning securitization market.
2. Background
This case study examines Lehman Brothers' decision to securitize American Express charge-card receivables in the late 1990s. At the time, Lehman Brothers was a leading investment bank seeking to expand its business beyond traditional investment banking activities. Securitization, the process of converting assets into marketable securities, presented a promising avenue for growth. American Express, with its vast portfolio of charge-card receivables, was an attractive partner.
The main protagonists of the case study are:
- Lehman Brothers: A leading investment bank seeking to expand its business into new areas.
- American Express: A financial services company with a large portfolio of charge-card receivables.
- Investors: Seeking high-yield investments with relatively low risk.
3. Analysis of the Case Study
This case study can be analyzed through the lens of Financial Strategy and Risk Management.
Financial Strategy:
- Diversification: Securitization allowed Lehman Brothers to diversify its asset portfolio beyond traditional investments, reducing overall risk.
- Revenue Generation: The securitization process generated significant fees for Lehman Brothers, contributing to its profitability.
- Market Positioning: Entering the securitization market positioned Lehman Brothers as a leader in this growing sector, attracting new clients and expanding its market share.
Risk Management:
- Credit Risk: The securitization of charge-card receivables introduced credit risk, as the value of the securities depended on the borrowers' ability to repay their debts.
- Interest Rate Risk: Changes in interest rates could impact the value of the securities, creating potential losses for investors.
- Liquidity Risk: The liquidity of the securities could be affected by market conditions, potentially impacting the ability to sell them quickly.
4. Recommendations
- Proceed with Securitization: Lehman Brothers should proceed with the securitization of American Express charge-card receivables. This strategy offers significant potential for growth and profitability.
- Robust Risk Management: Lehman Brothers must implement a robust risk management framework to mitigate the inherent risks associated with securitization. This framework should include:
- Credit Risk Assessment: Thorough credit risk assessment of borrowers, including analysis of their credit history, income, and debt-to-income ratio.
- Interest Rate Hedging: Utilize financial instruments like interest rate swaps to mitigate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on the value of the securities.
- Liquidity Management: Develop strategies to ensure the liquidity of the securities, including the potential for buyback programs or secondary market trading.
- Transparency and Disclosure: Lehman Brothers should prioritize transparency and clear disclosure of the risks associated with the securities to investors. This will build trust and confidence in the market.
- Strong Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Ensure full compliance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements related to securitization.
5. Basis of Recommendations
These recommendations are based on the following considerations:
- Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: Securitization aligns with Lehman Brothers' core competencies in finance and investing, allowing them to leverage their expertise in financial markets and asset management.
- External Customers and Internal Clients: This strategy caters to the needs of both external investors seeking high-yield investments and internal clients at Lehman Brothers seeking new revenue streams.
- Competitors: Lehman Brothers needs to be aware of the competitive landscape in the securitization market and differentiate itself through its expertise, risk management practices, and transparency.
- Attractiveness - Quantitative Measures: The potential for significant revenue generation, diversification of assets, and market share expansion makes this strategy highly attractive from a quantitative perspective.
- Assumptions: The recommendations assume that Lehman Brothers has the necessary expertise and resources to implement a robust risk management framework and maintain transparency in its dealings with investors.
6. Conclusion
Securitization presents a significant opportunity for Lehman Brothers to expand its business, generate new revenue streams, and enhance its position in the financial markets. By prioritizing risk management, transparency, and compliance, Lehman Brothers can successfully navigate the complexities of securitization and create value for its investors and stakeholders.
7. Discussion
Alternatives:
- Not Securitizing: Lehman Brothers could choose not to enter the securitization market. This would limit their growth potential and expose them to increased competition in traditional investment banking activities.
- Securitizing Other Assets: Lehman Brothers could explore securitizing other asset classes, such as mortgages or auto loans. This would require careful analysis of the risks and opportunities associated with each asset class.
Risks and Key Assumptions:
- Credit Risk: The risk of borrowers defaulting on their debts remains a significant concern.
- Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates could negatively impact the value of the securities.
- Liquidity Risk: Market conditions could affect the liquidity of the securities, making it difficult to sell them quickly.
Options Grid:
Option | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Securitize with Risk Management | Growth, Diversification, Revenue | Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity Risk |
Do Not Securitize | Avoids Risks | Limited Growth Potential |
Securitize Other Assets | Diversification, New Markets | Higher Complexity, Potential for New Risks |
8. Next Steps
- Develop a Detailed Risk Management Framework: This should include comprehensive credit risk assessment, interest rate hedging strategies, and liquidity management plans.
- Establish Clear Disclosure Practices: Develop clear and transparent disclosure documents for investors, outlining the risks and potential returns associated with the securities.
- Build Strong Partnerships: Develop strong relationships with key stakeholders, including American Express, investors, and regulatory bodies.
- Monitor Performance and Adjust Strategies: Continuously monitor the performance of the securitization program and make adjustments to the risk management framework and investment strategies as needed.
By taking these steps, Lehman Brothers can successfully navigate the securitization market and unlock significant value for its investors and stakeholders.
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Case Description
In early 1992, Lehman Brothers had received a mandate from its affiliate, American Express Travel Related Services (TRS) Co., to securitize a portion of its consumer charge-card receivables portfolio. It is now July 22, and Lehman and TRS have just returned from a "road show" that was undertaken to convince prospective investors of the merits of these new securities. Lehman must now price the securities. Because this is the first-ever securitization of charge-card receivables, there are no directly comparable benchmarks that can help in pricing. However, the securities share common features with credit-card receivables backed securities, which by now are well accepted. Another comparable is non-callable finance company debt. This deal is being watched closely by competing underwriters, investors, and senior management at TRS and Lehman. "Success" could catapult Lehman into becoming a major player in the asset-backed market whereas "failure" would be a major setback.
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