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Harvard Case - Korea Stock Exchange--1998

"Korea Stock Exchange--1998" Harvard business case study is written by Tarun Khanna, Krishna G. Palepu, James Jinho Chang. It deals with the challenges in the field of Finance. The case study is 19 page(s) long and it was first published on : Dec 3, 1998

At Fern Fort University, we recommend that the Korea Stock Exchange (KSE) implement a multi-pronged strategy to address the challenges posed by the 1998 financial crisis and position itself for future growth. This strategy should focus on enhancing market liquidity, attracting foreign investment, and strengthening corporate governance practices.

2. Background

The Korea Stock Exchange (KSE) was facing a severe crisis in 1998, stemming from the Asian financial crisis. The Korean Won had depreciated significantly, leading to a decline in stock prices and a loss of investor confidence. Foreign investors were withdrawing their capital, and domestic investors were hesitant to participate in the market. The KSE was under pressure to restore investor confidence and attract capital back into the market.

The main protagonists of the case study are the KSE leadership, facing the daunting task of reviving the market, and the Korean government, heavily involved in the economic recovery process.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

The KSE's situation can be analyzed through the lens of a Financial Crisis Framework, incorporating aspects of Financial Markets, Risk Management, Government Policy and Regulation, and International Finance.

Financial Markets: The KSE was experiencing low liquidity, driven by a lack of investor confidence and a decline in trading volume. This was further exacerbated by the withdrawal of foreign investors and the reluctance of domestic investors to participate.

Risk Management: The KSE needed to address the systemic risk associated with the financial crisis. This included managing the risk of further currency depreciation, potential defaults by Korean companies, and the possibility of a prolonged economic downturn.

Government Policy and Regulation: The Korean government was actively intervening in the market to stabilize the economy. This included providing financial support to struggling companies, implementing policies to stimulate economic growth, and enacting regulations to improve corporate governance.

International Finance: The KSE needed to attract foreign investment to regain confidence and liquidity. This required addressing concerns about the Korean economy, improving transparency and disclosure standards, and facilitating access for foreign investors.

4. Recommendations

The KSE should implement the following recommendations to address the challenges and capitalize on opportunities:

  1. Enhance Market Liquidity:

    • Reduce trading costs: Implement measures to reduce transaction fees and brokerage commissions to encourage increased trading activity.
    • Introduce new products: Expand the range of financial instruments available on the exchange, including derivatives and structured products, to cater to diverse investor needs and risk appetites.
    • Promote market-making activities: Incentivize market makers to provide liquidity and ensure fair and efficient price discovery.
  2. Attract Foreign Investment:

    • Improve transparency and disclosure: Enhance corporate governance practices and reporting standards to meet international best practices and increase investor confidence.
    • Facilitate foreign investor access: Streamline the process for foreign investors to participate in the market, including simplifying registration procedures and providing access to information in English.
    • Promote Korea as an investment destination: Engage in international roadshows and marketing campaigns to highlight the potential of the Korean economy and the KSE.
  3. Strengthen Corporate Governance:

    • Implement stricter listing requirements: Raise the bar for companies seeking to list on the KSE, emphasizing financial transparency, corporate governance practices, and sustainability.
    • Promote independent board structures: Encourage companies to adopt independent boards with diverse expertise and experience to enhance oversight and accountability.
    • Enforce stricter penalties for corporate misconduct: Increase penalties for companies engaging in fraudulent or unethical practices to deter misconduct and promote investor confidence.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations are based on a thorough analysis of the KSE's situation and the broader economic context. They consider the following factors:

  1. Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: The recommendations align with the KSE's mission to provide a fair, efficient, and transparent market for the trading of securities.
  2. External Customers and Internal Clients: The recommendations aim to cater to the needs of both domestic and foreign investors, while also supporting the growth of Korean companies.
  3. Competitors: The recommendations are designed to position the KSE competitively in the global financial landscape, attracting investors and capital away from other emerging markets.
  4. Attractiveness - Quantitative Measures: The recommendations are expected to lead to increased trading volume, higher market capitalization, and improved investor confidence, ultimately contributing to the KSE's profitability and growth.

6. Conclusion

By implementing these recommendations, the KSE can overcome the challenges posed by the 1998 financial crisis and emerge as a stronger and more attractive exchange. This will require a collaborative effort between the KSE, the Korean government, and the private sector to restore investor confidence, attract foreign capital, and foster sustainable economic growth.

7. Discussion

Alternative options not selected include:

  • Government bailouts: While the government was actively involved in supporting the economy, relying solely on bailouts could have created moral hazard and discouraged market discipline.
  • Currency controls: Implementing strict currency controls could have stifled foreign investment and hindered the development of a truly open and competitive market.

Risks and Key Assumptions:

  • Economic recovery: The success of the recommendations hinges on the recovery of the Korean economy. A prolonged downturn could undermine investor confidence and delay the KSE's turnaround.
  • Government support: The government's commitment to supporting the KSE and implementing policies to promote market growth is crucial.
  • Investor confidence: Restoring investor confidence is essential for attracting capital back into the market. This may require a period of time and sustained improvements in transparency and corporate governance.

8. Next Steps

The KSE should implement the recommendations in a phased manner, starting with the most immediate priorities. This includes:

  • Phase 1 (Short-term): Focus on reducing trading costs, introducing new products, and improving transparency and disclosure standards.
  • Phase 2 (Medium-term): Implement measures to attract foreign investment, including streamlining access for foreign investors and promoting Korea as an investment destination.
  • Phase 3 (Long-term): Strengthen corporate governance practices, including implementing stricter listing requirements and promoting independent board structures.

The KSE should establish a dedicated task force to oversee the implementation of these recommendations and monitor progress regularly. This task force should include representatives from the KSE, the Korean government, and the private sector to ensure a collaborative and effective approach.

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Case Description

Following a major financial crisis, the South Korean government attempted to revive the Korea Stock Exchange to spur equity investment in Korean companies. This case describes the reforms undertaken so far and the challenges that lay ahead.

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