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Publish Date: 2024-12-04

Harvard Case - The Republic of the Philippines: The Next Asian Tiger?

"The Republic of the Philippines: The Next Asian Tiger?" Harvard business case study is written by Richard H.K. Vietor, Carol Dominguez, Tully Moss. It deals with the challenges in the field of Business & Government Relations. The case study is 24 page(s) long and it was first published on : Aug 5, 2013

At Fern Fort University, we recommend a comprehensive strategy for the Philippines to harness its potential and become the next Asian Tiger. This strategy focuses on fostering a robust business environment, attracting foreign investment, and driving sustainable economic growth through a combination of government policy, private sector engagement, and strategic infrastructure development.

2. Background

This case study examines the Philippines' economic potential and its aspirations to become a major player in the global economy. The country boasts a young and growing population, a strategic geographic location, and a rich natural resource base. However, challenges remain, including poverty, inequality, and a lack of robust infrastructure. The case study explores the country's economic history, its current state, and the key factors that will determine its future success.

The main protagonists in this case study are the Philippine government, led by President Rodrigo Duterte, and the country's business community, represented by various corporations and entrepreneurs.

3. Analysis of the Case Study

Framework: We will utilize a framework that combines Porter's Five Forces analysis with SWOT analysis to understand the Philippines' competitive landscape and identify key opportunities and threats.

Porter's Five Forces:

  • Threat of New Entrants: The Philippines has a relatively open market with minimal barriers to entry for new businesses. This presents both opportunities and challenges. While it encourages competition and innovation, it also makes it harder for local businesses to gain market dominance.
  • Bargaining Power of Buyers: The Philippines has a large consumer market with diverse needs and preferences. This gives buyers some bargaining power, especially in sectors like retail and consumer goods.
  • Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The Philippines relies heavily on imported goods and raw materials, making suppliers influential. The government needs to focus on developing local supply chains and promoting domestic production to reduce dependence on foreign suppliers.
  • Threat of Substitutes: The Philippines faces competition from other emerging markets in Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam and Indonesia. These countries offer similar advantages in terms of labor costs and access to markets.
  • Competitive Rivalry: The Philippine market is characterized by intense competition, particularly in sectors like telecommunications, banking, and retail. This necessitates strong business strategies, innovation, and efficient operations to succeed.

SWOT Analysis:

Strengths:

  • Young and Growing Population: The Philippines has a large and youthful population, providing a strong workforce and a growing consumer market.
  • Strategic Location: The country's location in Southeast Asia makes it a hub for trade and investment.
  • Rich Natural Resources: The Philippines possesses abundant natural resources, including minerals, agricultural land, and marine resources.
  • Growing IT and BPO Sector: The Philippines has established itself as a global leader in IT and BPO services, attracting significant foreign investment.
  • Strong Remittance Flows: Overseas Filipino workers contribute significantly to the economy through remittances.

Weaknesses:

  • Infrastructure Deficiencies: The Philippines faces significant infrastructure challenges, including inadequate transportation, power, and communication systems.
  • High Poverty Rates: Poverty remains a significant problem, hindering economic development and social progress.
  • Corruption and Bureaucracy: Corruption and bureaucratic inefficiency can deter investment and hinder business growth.
  • Political Instability: Political instability can create uncertainty and discourage investment.
  • Environmental Degradation: The Philippines faces environmental challenges, including deforestation, pollution, and natural disasters.

Opportunities:

  • Growing Regional and Global Markets: The Philippines can capitalize on the growth of regional and global markets, particularly in Asia.
  • Technological Advancements: The Philippines can leverage technological advancements to improve productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness.
  • Tourism Potential: The Philippines has immense tourism potential, which can be further developed to generate revenue and create jobs.
  • Investment in Infrastructure: Investing in infrastructure can unlock economic growth and attract foreign investment.
  • Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship can foster economic diversification and create new opportunities.

Threats:

  • Global Economic Slowdown: A global economic slowdown could negatively impact the Philippine economy, particularly through reduced exports and investment.
  • Climate Change: The Philippines is highly vulnerable to climate change, which poses risks to its agriculture, tourism, and infrastructure.
  • Competition from Other Emerging Markets: The Philippines faces competition from other emerging markets in Southeast Asia, which offer similar advantages.
  • Political Instability: Political instability can create uncertainty and discourage investment.
  • Natural Disasters: The Philippines is prone to natural disasters, which can disrupt economic activity and cause significant damage.

4. Recommendations

To achieve its vision of becoming the next Asian Tiger, the Philippines needs to implement a comprehensive strategy that addresses its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This strategy should focus on the following key areas:

1. Fostering a Business-Friendly Environment:

  • Government Policy and Regulation: The government needs to implement policies that promote a level playing field for businesses, reduce bureaucratic red tape, and ensure regulatory compliance. This includes streamlining business registration processes, simplifying tax regulations, and promoting transparency and accountability in government.
  • Tax Policy: The government should implement a tax system that is fair, efficient, and encourages investment. This could involve reducing corporate tax rates, simplifying tax procedures, and providing tax incentives for specific sectors.
  • Antitrust Legislation: Robust antitrust legislation is crucial to prevent monopolies and ensure fair competition. The government should actively enforce antitrust laws to protect consumers and promote a competitive market.
  • Infrastructure and Urban Development: The government needs to prioritize investment in infrastructure, including transportation, power, and communication systems. This will improve connectivity, reduce logistics costs, and attract foreign investment.
  • Education and Skills Development: Investing in education and skills development is crucial to create a skilled workforce that can meet the demands of a modern economy. This includes improving access to quality education, promoting vocational training, and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.

2. Attracting Foreign Investment:

  • Foreign Direct Investment Policies: The government should implement policies that make the Philippines an attractive destination for foreign direct investment (FDI). This includes providing tax incentives, simplifying investment procedures, and promoting a stable and predictable business environment.
  • Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): The government should encourage PPPs to leverage private sector expertise and capital for infrastructure development and other key projects. This will help to reduce the burden on public finances and attract foreign investment.
  • Business Diplomacy: The government should actively promote the Philippines as an investment destination through business diplomacy initiatives. This includes participating in international trade shows, organizing investment missions, and strengthening relationships with foreign governments and businesses.

3. Driving Sustainable Economic Growth:

  • Innovation and Entrepreneurship: The government should foster innovation and entrepreneurship by providing support for startups, incubators, and research and development. This will help to diversify the economy and create new opportunities.
  • Environmental Sustainability: The government should prioritize environmental sustainability by implementing policies that promote clean energy, reduce pollution, and protect natural resources. This is essential for long-term economic growth and social well-being.
  • Social Policy: The government should implement social policies that address poverty, inequality, and unemployment. This includes providing social safety nets, investing in education and healthcare, and promoting inclusive growth.

5. Basis of Recommendations

These recommendations are based on the following considerations:

  1. Core Competencies and Consistency with Mission: The recommendations align with the Philippines' core competencies in its young workforce, strategic location, and growing IT sector. They also support the country's mission to achieve sustainable economic growth and improve the lives of its citizens.
  2. External Customers and Internal Clients: The recommendations consider the needs of external customers, including foreign investors and businesses, as well as internal clients, including Filipino citizens and businesses.
  3. Competitors: The recommendations acknowledge the competitive landscape in Southeast Asia and aim to position the Philippines as a more attractive investment destination than its regional rivals.
  4. Attractiveness - Quantitative Measures: While quantifying specific returns on investment is challenging, the recommendations are expected to lead to increased FDI, improved infrastructure, and a more diversified economy, ultimately contributing to higher economic growth and improved living standards.

6. Conclusion

The Philippines has the potential to become the next Asian Tiger. By implementing a comprehensive strategy that focuses on fostering a business-friendly environment, attracting foreign investment, and driving sustainable economic growth, the country can unlock its full potential and achieve its aspirations. The government, private sector, and civil society must work together to create a more prosperous and equitable future for the Philippines.

7. Discussion

Alternatives:

  • Focusing solely on the IT and BPO sector: While this sector has been a driver of growth, it is important to diversify the economy and create opportunities in other sectors.
  • Adopting a more protectionist approach: This could stifle innovation and discourage foreign investment.

Risks:

  • Political instability: Political instability could undermine investor confidence and hinder economic growth.
  • Natural disasters: The Philippines is prone to natural disasters, which could disrupt economic activity and cause significant damage.
  • Global economic slowdown: A global economic slowdown could negatively impact the Philippine economy.

Key Assumptions:

  • The government will implement the recommended policies effectively and consistently.
  • The private sector will respond positively to the government's initiatives.
  • The global economy will remain relatively stable.

8. Next Steps

To implement the recommendations, the following steps should be taken:

  • Develop a comprehensive national development plan: This plan should outline specific goals, strategies, and timelines for achieving the desired outcomes.
  • Establish a dedicated task force: This task force should be responsible for coordinating the implementation of the development plan and monitoring progress.
  • Engage with stakeholders: The government should actively engage with stakeholders, including businesses, civil society organizations, and international partners, to ensure broad support for the development plan.
  • Regularly review and adjust the plan: The development plan should be reviewed and adjusted regularly to ensure it remains relevant and effective in light of changing circumstances.

By taking these steps, the Philippines can position itself for a brighter future and realize its full economic potential.

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Case Description

The Philippines, for long a laggard in Asia, is now growing fast in 2012, with a positive current account balance. While it still exports services, it is increasing its assembly of manufactured products and trying to increase mining. For these activities, however, it needs more foreign direct investment. And for that, it needs domestic tranquility and better infrastructure.

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