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FERROVIAL CONQUERS THE UK: FOLLOWING IN THE STEPS OF PHILIP II (B) Change Management Analysis & Solution
HBR Change Management Solutions
Leadership & Managing People Case Study | Arturo Bris, Sophie Coughlan
Case Study Description
Grupo Ferrovial from Spain acquired BAA PLC, the UK airport operator, in June 2006 following one of the most interesting battles for control in recent years in Europe.BAA was an extremely successful and profitable company, managing Heathrow and Gatwick airports in London, among others.The A case, Financial Strategy at BAA PLC, discusses the structure of the target company and specifically its capital structure. BAA's asset base was very stable, low risk and very well protected from competition. The firm had been generating substantial cash flows over the past few years and had completed some acquisitions at home and abroad. Yet, it was underleveraged, not only according to the simple capital structure theory but also compared to its peers. Therefore, Grupo Ferrovial (and Goldman Sachs, which was competing to acquire BAA) found a great value opportunity by leveraging up BAA's assets. The B case, Ferrovial Conquers the UK, guides us through the acquisition process and in particular through the financing aspects of the deal. The BAA-Ferrovial Acquisition received the Finance Package of the Year Award by Acquisitions Monthly Magazine. The deal was the largest infrastructure acquisition financing ever undertaken in the debt markets; it contained the largest second lien tranche ever, which maximized liquidity, tapping interest among both banks and fund investors; and had a groundbreaking structure designed potentially to survive a whole-business securitization. Learning objectives: The case can be used with a broad range of audiences and provides opportunities to discuss the basics of capital structure and financial policy; to describe the functioning of debt markets; to follow a complex acquisition that went from hostile to friendly; to discuss syndication in the credit markets; and to analyze the challenges that CFOs face in order to balance the threat of acquisitions with the need for a conservative capital structure. It can be used in a basic finance course to introduce capital structure and debt financing. It can also be used with finance teams and with executives in general as a way to discuss the complex terms of the transaction.
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What is Change Management Definition & Process? Why transformation efforts fail? What are the Change Management Issues in FERROVIAL CONQUERS THE UK: FOLLOWING IN THE STEPS OF PHILIP II (B) case study?
According to John P. Kotter – Change Management efforts are the major initiatives an organization undertakes to either boost productivity, increase product quality, improve the organizational culture, or reverse the present downward spiral that the company is going through.
Sooner or later every organization requires change management efforts because without reinventing itself organization tends to lose out in the competitive market environment. The competitors catch up with it in products and service delivery, disruptors take away the lucrative and niche market positioning, or management ends up sitting on its own laurels thus missing out on the new trends, opportunities and developments in the industry.
What are the John P. Kotter - 8 Steps of Change Management?
Eight Steps of Kotter's Change Management Execution are -
- 1. Establish a Sense of Urgency
- 2. Form a Powerful Guiding Coalition
- 3. Create a Vision
- 4. Communicate the Vision
- 5. Empower Others to Act on the Vision
- 6. Plan for and Create Short Term Wins
- 7. Consolidate Improvements and Produce More Change
- 8. Institutionalize New Approaches
Are Change Management efforts easy to implement? What are the challenges in implementing change management processes?
According to authorlist Change management efforts are absolutely essential for the surviving and thriving of the organization but they are also extremely difficult to implement. Some of the biggest obstacles in implementing change efforts are –
- Change efforts create an environment of uncertainty in the organization that impacts not only the productivity in the organization but also the level of trust in the organization.
- Change management efforts are made when the organization is in dire need and have fewer resources. This creates silos protection mentality within the organization.
- Change efforts are often targeted at making fundamental aspects in the business – operations and culture. Change management disrupts are status quo thus face opposition from both within and outside the organization.
- Change efforts are often made by new leaders because they are chosen by board to do so. These leaders often have less trust among the workforce compare to the people with whom they were already working with over the years.
- Change management is often a lengthy, time consuming, and resource consuming process. Managements try to avoid them because they reflect negatively on the short term financial balance sheet of the organization.
How you can apply Change Management Principles to FERROVIAL CONQUERS THE UK: FOLLOWING IN THE STEPS OF PHILIP II (B) case study?
Leaders can implement Change Management efforts in the organization by following the “Eight Steps Method of Change Management” by John P. Kotter.
Step 1 - Establish a sense of urgency
What are areas that require urgent change management efforts in the “ FERROVIAL CONQUERS THE UK: FOLLOWING IN THE STEPS OF PHILIP II (B) “ case study. Some of the areas that require urgent changes are – organizing sales force to meet competitive realities, building new organizational structure to enter new markets or explore new opportunities. The leader needs to convince the managers that the status quo is far more dangerous than the change efforts.
Step 2 - Form a powerful guiding coalition
As mentioned earlier in the paper, most change efforts are undertaken by new management which has far less trust in the bank compare to the people with whom the organization staff has worked for long period of time. New leaders need to tap in the talent of the existing managers and integrate them in the change management efforts. This will for a powerful guiding coalition that not only understands the urgency of the situation but also has the trust of the employees in the organization. If the team able to explain at the grass roots level what went wrong, why organization need change, and what will be the outcomes of the change efforts then there will be a far more positive sentiment about change efforts among the rank and file.
Step 3 - Create a vision
The most critical role of the leader who is leading the change efforts is – creating and communicating a vision that can have a broader buy-in among employees throughout the organization. The vision should not only talk about broader objectives but also about how every little change can add up to the improvement in the overall organization.
Step 4 - Communicating the vision
Leaders need to use every vehicle to communicate the desired outcomes of the change efforts and how each employee impacted by it can contribute to achieve the desired change. Secondly the communication efforts need to answer a simple question for employees – “What it is in for the them”. If the vision doesn’t provide answer to this question then the change efforts are bound to fail because it won’t have buy-in from the required stakeholders of the organization.
Step 5 -Empower other to act on the vision
Once the vision is set and communicated, change management leadership should empower people at every level to take decisions regarding the change efforts. The empowerment should follow two key principles – it shouldn’t be too structured that it takes away improvisation capabilities of the managers who are working on the fronts. Secondly it shouldn’t be too loosely defined that people at the execution level can take it away from the desired vision and objectives.
Step 6 - Plan for and create short term wins
Initially the change efforts will bring more disruption then positive change because it is transforming the status quo. For example new training to increase productivity initially will lead to decrease in level of current productivity because workers are learning new skills and way of doing things. It can demotivate the employees regarding change efforts. To overcome such scenarios the change management leadership should focus on short term wins within the long term transformation. They should carefully craft short term goals, reward employees for achieving short term wins, and provide a comprehensive understanding of how these short term wins fit into the overall vision and objectives of the change management efforts.
Step 7 - Consolidate improvements and produce more change
Short term wins lead to renewed enthusiasm among the employees to implement change efforts. Management should go ahead to put a framework where the improvements made so far are consolidated and more change efforts can be built on the top of the present change efforts.
Step 8 - Institutionalize new approaches
Once the improvements are consolidated, leadership needs to take steps to institutionalize the processes and changes that are made. It needs to stress how the change efforts have delivered success in the desired manner. It should highlight the connection between corporate success and new behaviour. Finally organization management needs to create organizational structure, leadership, and performance plans consistent with the new approach.
Is change management a process or event?
What many leaders and managers at the Ferrovial Baa fails to recognize is that – Change Management is a deliberate and detail oriented process rather than an event where the management declares that the changes it needs to make in the organization to thrive. Change management not only impact the operational processes of the organization but also the cultural and integral values of the organization.
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